Maddie James
Burning candles is a common practice for setting a tranquil and soothing mood, but are candles cancerous? Candles release hydrocarbons, chemicals, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air when burned. While the small amounts released from candle burning are typically not enough to cause significant health issues in most people, there are concerns about the potential risks of certain compounds, such as benzene and formaldehyde, which have been linked to an increased risk of cancer. The type of candle and its quality, duration of use, and airflow in the space are also factors that can influence the level of risk.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cancer-causing compounds | Formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, benzopyrene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
| Types of candles that may be more harmful | Paraffin wax candles, scented candles, dyed candles, cheaper candles |
| Types of candles that may be safer | Soy wax candles, beeswax candles, plant-based wax candles, stearin (coconut oil or animal fats) candles |
| Health risks | Allergic reactions, asthma, respiratory problems, bladder cancer, leukemia, other blood cancers, lung cancer |
| Risk factors | Candle type and quality, burning duration and frequency, airflow, health status |
| Ways to reduce risk | Choose candles made from natural materials, ensure proper ventilation, trim wicks, use candle snuffers or dip wicks in wax instead of blowing out, ventilate the room after extinguishing |
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What You'll Learn
Burning scented candles may increase cancer risk
Burning scented candles may increase the risk of cancer, according to some sources. This is due to the release of harmful chemicals and pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, soot, and various toxins.
VOCs are carbon compounds that easily turn into gas at room temperature. Some VOCs, like formaldehyde and benzene, are potentially cancer-causing. While scented candles release these compounds, it is not clear if they affect your health. Studies have shown that the amount of VOCs released from burning candles is very low and not enough to cause health problems in humans. However, the frequent burning of some non-vegetable or non-soy-based scented candles may increase cancer risk, according to some sources.
The type of candle and the length of burning can also impact the risk of toxic emissions. Paraffin wax candles, made from fossil fuels, are of particular concern. The addition of scents and colours to candles further increases the release of harmful chemicals. Even unlit candles can emit toxic compounds, with many people experiencing adverse reactions such as headaches and coughing.
To reduce the risk of exposure to harmful chemicals, it is recommended to choose candles made from natural materials such as beeswax or soy wax and to avoid frequent or prolonged burning of scented candles, especially in inadequately ventilated rooms.
While the science is inconclusive, and some studies suggest that the levels of VOCs released from candles are not harmful to human health, it is important to stay informed about the potential risks associated with burning scented candles and take preventive measures to ensure safety.
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Paraffin wax candles may be harmful
Paraffin wax candles are made from fossil fuels and are a common source of concern. Burning a candle releases chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as toluene, benzene, and formaldehyde. These compounds are also emitted from paints, cleaning products, cosmetics, air fresheners, and car exhaust. While the amount of particulate matter released from burning candles is not enough to cause health problems in humans, extended exposure to particulate matter can lead to heart and lung problems.
Benzene, a known carcinogen, has been linked to an increased risk of leukemia and other blood cancers. Toluene exposure can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, and cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, and anxiety. Formaldehyde is also potentially cancer-causing.
According to Dr. Farooq, a small number of studies suggest an association between candle burning and bladder cancer. The volatile organic hydrocarbons accumulate in the blood and are eventually excreted through the bladder, which explains the link with bladder cancer. Dr. Farooq suggests that people under surveillance for, living with, or in remission from bladder cancer might want to avoid burning candles.
The risk of toxic emissions is greater when candles are scented or dyed, which is another reason to avoid paraffin-based candles. Artificial fragrances also have VOCs, including phthalates, which have been linked to learning and behavior problems, obesity, impaired development of the reproductive system, and more.
To minimize the potential risks associated with paraffin wax candles, it is recommended to opt for candles made from beeswax, soy, or other plant-based waxes. These alternatives produce less soot and toxic chemicals. It is also important to ensure proper ventilation when burning any type of candle.
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Safer alternatives to paraffin candles
Burning candles, especially paraffin candles, is a topic of concern for many due to the potential health risks. While the science is inconclusive, some studies suggest an association between candle burning and bladder cancer. The release of hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter from candles can lead to indoor air pollution and cause various health issues.
Soy Candles
Soy candles are a popular alternative to paraffin candles. They are made from natural soy wax, which burns cleaner and produces fewer harmful byproducts. Soy wax is a renewable and sustainable source, providing an eco-friendly option. Soy candles also produce less soot and toxic chemicals than paraffin candles, making them a healthier choice.
Beeswax Candles
Beeswax candles are another natural alternative. They are made from beeswax, which is a natural and eco-friendly material. Beeswax candles are known for their clean burn and lack of harmful chemicals. They are ideal for those seeking a more sustainable and healthier option.
Coconut Wax Candles
Coconut wax candles offer a natural and eco-friendly choice. Coconut wax is derived from coconut oil and provides a clean burn with minimal harmful byproducts. Coconut wax candles are also known for their strong fragrance throw, making them a great option for those who enjoy scented candles.
Non-Toxic Candles
Non-toxic candles are made without harmful chemicals and synthetic fragrances. They typically use natural waxes like soy, beeswax, or coconut wax and are scented with pure essential oils. The wicks in non-toxic candles are made from natural fibers like cotton or wood, ensuring a safe and clean burn. Brands like Slow North offer non-toxic candles as a healthier and more environmentally friendly option.
Essential Oil Candles
Essential oil candles are scented with natural essential oils rather than synthetic fragrances. They offer genuine aromas without the use of chemical additives. By using essential oils, these candles provide a safer and more beneficial experience, especially for those interested in aromatherapy.
Making the switch to these alternative candle options can help reduce the potential health risks associated with traditional paraffin candles. These alternatives prioritize health, well-being, and environmental stewardship, offering a cleaner and more sustainable choice for your home.
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Candle wicks and lead poisoning
Burning candles can release harmful chemicals, including toluene, benzene, and formaldehyde, which may increase the risk of cancer. While the science is inconclusive, some studies suggest an association between candle burning and bladder cancer. However, the amount of particulate matter released from burning candles is not considered enough to cause health problems in humans.
Lead candle wicks have been a cause for concern due to the potential risk of lead poisoning. Lead is a harmful substance, and when burned, it can release large amounts of lead into the air, which can be inhaled or settle on surfaces that people touch. Lead poisoning can cause behavioural problems, learning disabilities, hearing issues, and growth retardation, especially in children.
In 2003, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the manufacture, import, and sale of candles with lead-cored wicks due to health concerns. Most domestic candle manufacturers stopped using lead in their wicks in the 1970s, and safe alternatives like zinc, synthetic fibres, cotton, and paper are now commonly used. However, imported candles, especially from China and Hong Kong, may still contain lead wicks due to less stringent regulations.
To avoid lead wicks, consumers can look for candles with natural organic wicks made from materials like wood and cotton. It is also recommended to look for a "lead-free" label, read the ingredients, and be cautious if there is black soot or film residue around the rim of the candle. Additionally, a simple "No-Lead Test" can be performed by rubbing the tip of the wick on a piece of paper; if it leaves a grey mark like a pencil, the wick contains lead.
While the presence of lead in candle wicks is a valid concern, it is important to note that the risk of lead poisoning from candles has been reduced significantly due to regulations and the availability of safer alternatives. Consumers should still be vigilant and take necessary precautions to ensure they are using candles with lead-free wicks to protect their health and well-being.
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Burning candles and indoor air quality
Burning candles can have both positive and negative impacts on indoor air quality. On the one hand, candles can release harmful chemicals and pollutants into the air, particularly when burned indoors. These emissions can include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as formaldehyde, toluene, benzene, and benzopyrene, which are known to have toxic effects on human health. The risk of exposure to these toxic compounds is greater with scented or dyed candles, as artificial fragrances and colourants can contain VOCs like phthalates, which have been linked to various health issues.
Paraffin wax candles, the most commonly used type of candle, are of particular concern. Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, a byproduct of gasoline production, and releases carcinogenic soot when burned. This soot can accumulate indoors, leading to respiratory problems and damage to electrical appliances. Older candles manufactured before 2003 may also contain lead-core wicks, which can release hazardous levels of lead into the air.
However, it is important to note that the impact of candle burning on indoor air quality is not fully understood, and the available research is limited and inconclusive. Some studies suggest that the amount of particulate matter and VOCs released from burning candles is not enough to cause significant health issues in humans.
To minimize the potential negative impacts of candle burning on indoor air quality, it is recommended to choose candles made from natural materials, such as beeswax or soy wax, which produce less soot and toxic chemicals. Scenting candles with essential oils rather than synthetic perfumes can also reduce exposure to pollutants. Proper ventilation is crucial, as burning candles in inadequately ventilated spaces may increase the concentration of harmful compounds in the air. Additionally, following candle care tips, such as trimming the wick and avoiding burning candles in drafty areas, can help reduce the release of harmful emissions.
Overall, while candle burning can introduce pollutants into indoor air, the level of risk to human health is not yet fully understood, and proper candle selection and ventilation can help mitigate potential negative impacts.
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Frequently asked questions
Burning candles, especially scented ones, releases hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, which may be harmful. Some of these compounds, like benzene, are known carcinogens. However, the amount released from burning candles is very low and not enough to cause health problems in humans. While there is limited evidence of a link between candle burning and cancer, the science is not strong enough to suggest we should stop using candles.
Candles made from soy wax, beeswax, or stearin (coconut oil or animal fats) are often considered healthier alternatives to paraffin wax candles, which are made from fossil fuels and release carcinogenic soot when burned. Paraffin candles are also usually more polluting, and the risk of toxic emissions is greater when they are scented or dyed.
Paraffin wax is a cheap byproduct of petroleum refinement and is the most widely used candle wax worldwide. Burning paraffin candles releases harmful VOCs, such as toluene and formaldehyde, which can irritate the eyes, nose, throat, and skin, and cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, and anxiety. High exposure to the soot from paraffin candles can also cause or aggravate respiratory problems and damage indoor surfaces.
