Tyler Brooks
Burning scented candles is a popular way to create a cosy atmosphere, but research shows that it can expose us to harmful chemicals. These toxins are linked to health issues such as headaches, asthma, hormonal imbalances, and even an increased risk of cancer. One of the main concerns is the release of endocrine disruptors, specifically phthalates, which can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. These chemicals interfere with the endocrine system, leading to hormonal imbalances and potential health problems. While some studies suggest that typical candle usage does not pose a significant health risk, it is important to be aware of the potential dangers and take preventive measures, such as choosing candles made from natural materials like beeswax or soy wax.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Endocrine disruptors | Phthalates, Parabens |
| Health issues | Asthma, Allergies, Headaches, Cancer, Hormonal imbalances, Liver damage, Infertility, Respiratory issues, COPD |
| Composition | Paraffin wax, Beeswax, Soy wax |
| Pollutants | Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide, Particulate matter, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Formaldehyde, Toluene, Benzopyrene, Soot |
| Safer alternatives | Natural candles, Beeswax, Soy wax, Essential oils, Plant-based candles |
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What You'll Learn
Phthalates and parabens: endocrine disruptors
Scented candles have become a common feature of many homes, with the US market for scented candles estimated to be worth approximately $2 billion annually. However, growing research shows that burning scented candles may expose people to toxins and endocrine disruptors, such as phthalates and parabens, which can have detrimental effects on human health.
Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to make plastics more flexible and are added to candles to help extend the life of fragrances. When scented candles burn, phthalates are released into the air and can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Phthalates have been linked to a variety of health issues, including endocrine disruption. Studies have shown that phthalates interfere with the production and regulation of hormones, leading to imbalances that can cause health problems. For example, phthalates can exacerbate allergic symptoms and asthma, trigger migraines, damage liver function, and disrupt reproductive hormones, resulting in infertility and other hormonal imbalances.
Parabens are another type of chemical commonly used in candles as preservatives to extend their shelf life. Parabens have been shown to disrupt the endocrine system by interfering with the normal function of hormone systems, including reproductive hormones in both males and females. They can act like the hormone estrogen in the body, leading to potential hormonal imbalances and an increased risk of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer.
The health risks associated with phthalates and parabens have led some companies to offer plant-based, biodegradable candles that do not release harmful chemicals into the air when burned. These candles are made with natural ingredients, plant extracts, and essential oils, providing a safer alternative for consumers concerned about the potential negative effects of synthetic chemicals in traditional candles.
Overall, while scented candles can provide a pleasant fragrance and ambiance, it is important to be aware of the potential presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals like phthalates and parabens, which can have detrimental effects on human health.
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Paraffin wax: a petroleum byproduct
Paraffin wax, also known as petroleum wax, is a soft, colourless solid derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale. It consists of hydrocarbon molecules containing 20 to 40 carbon atoms. Paraffin wax is a byproduct of the oil purification process, specifically the dewaxing process that crude oil undergoes. It is then further processed for use in various products.
Paraffin wax has a wide range of applications, including lubrication, electrical insulation, candles, crayons, cosmetics, skincare, and polishes. It is often used in cosmetics and skincare products to provide texture and consistency, and is a common ingredient in lipsticks, lip balms, and moisturisers. In histology or pathology laboratories, paraffin wax is used to impregnate tissue samples before sectioning. It is also used in food coatings, such as for candy and cheese, and in the production of rubber compounds to prevent cracking.
While paraffin wax has many industrial uses, it has also been the subject of controversy due to its environmental and potential health impacts. Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, a non-renewable resource, and the methods used to extract crude oil, such as drilling, fracking, and oil spills, can have negative consequences for the environment, including habitat destruction, water pollution, and ecosystem disruption.
In terms of health concerns, some sources claim that burning paraffin wax candles can release toxic fumes, such as toluene, benzene, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These fumes have been linked to asthma, lung cancer, and other health issues. However, it is important to note that the health effects of paraffin wax are still undetermined, and some studies have found that the emissions from burning paraffin wax candles are similar to those of other types of wax candles.
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Indoor air pollution: scented candles and health
Scented candles are a popular way to create a tranquil and soothing mood and enhance the indoor environment. However, growing research indicates that burning scented candles can expose us to harmful toxins and increase indoor air pollution, leading to potential health risks.
Types of Candle Wax and Emissions
The type of candle wax can impact the emissions released during burning. Paraffin wax, derived from petroleum, is commonly used in mass-produced scented candles. However, burning paraffin wax releases ultrafine soot particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as acetone, benzene, and toluene. These emissions can remain suspended in the air for hours and penetrate deep into the lungs, potentially causing respiratory issues and other health problems.
In contrast, natural waxes like beeswax and soy wax are generally considered safer and produce fewer emissions. Candles made from renewable sources, such as soy and beeswax, are also better for the environment, although their increased demand can contribute to deforestation.
Toxins and Health Risks
Burning scented candles can release various toxins and chemicals, including phthalates, parabens, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Phthalates and parabens are endocrine disruptors, interfering with hormone production and regulation. They have been linked to hormonal imbalances, reproductive issues, and potentially increased cancer risk. PAHs are classified as probable human carcinogens, and exposure to these chemicals has been associated with health issues in animal studies.
Other health complaints associated with exposure to scented candles include headaches, mucosa irritation, watery eyes, sneezing, chest tightness, throat irritation, and asthma exacerbation.
Reducing Exposure to Pollutants
To reduce exposure to indoor air pollution from scented candles, it is recommended to choose candles made from natural materials, such as beeswax or soy wax, and scented with essential oils rather than synthetic perfumes. Ensuring proper ventilation and airing out the space after burning candles can also help reduce the concentration of chemical compounds in the indoor environment.
While scented candles can enhance our living spaces, it is important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with their use and take preventive measures to minimize exposure to harmful pollutants.
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Asthma and allergy irritants
Candles can be a significant source of indoor air pollution, which is a concern for people with asthma and allergies. When burned, scented candles release various chemicals, including harmful gases and pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These emissions can linger in the air for hours and negatively impact indoor air quality.
The fragrance chemicals in scented candles are mostly derived from petroleum and animal sources. Synthetic fragrances, in particular, have been associated with immediate and long-term health effects. Common complaints from exposure to scented candles include vertigo, headaches, mucosa irritation, watery eyes, sneezing, stuffy nose, chest tightness, and throat irritation. These symptoms are especially problematic for people with asthma, as they can trigger asthma attacks.
Paraffin wax, a common ingredient in scented candles, has been linked to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms. It emits harmful fumes like toluene and benzene, which have been associated with adverse effects on the brain, lungs, and central nervous system. In addition, the soot produced by burning paraffin wax contains ultrafine particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, potentially causing damage to vital organs.
However, not all candles are equally harmful. Beeswax and soy-based candles are recommended for people with allergies or asthma due to their non-toxic properties and clean burn. Beeswax, in particular, has been valued for its clean-burning properties for centuries. Soy wax, a more recent alternative, burns cleaner and longer, especially when paired with essential oil fragrances.
To minimize the risk of asthma and allergy irritants, it is advisable to choose candles made from natural materials, such as beeswax or soy wax, and scented with essential oils rather than synthetic perfumes. Ventilating the space after burning scented candles is also crucial to removing chemical compounds from the air.
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Natural alternatives: beeswax, soy, and plant-based candles
While candles can fill a room with pleasant smells, they may also expose you to toxins linked to various health issues. These include allergies, asthma, hormonal imbalances, and even an increased risk of cancer. Most mass-produced scented candles are made with paraffin wax, a byproduct of petroleum waste that has been chemically treated. Burning paraffin wax releases ultrafine soot particles, which can be harmful when inhaled.
To avoid these potential hazards, natural alternatives like beeswax, soy, and plant-based candles are recommended. Beeswax candles are a natural option that does not emit harmful chemicals when burned. However, to ensure purity, it is important to choose candles labelled as 100% beeswax. Soy candles are another popular choice, offering a cleaner burn compared to paraffin wax. While some sources suggest that soy may have endocrine-disrupting properties due to the presence of phytoestrogens, evidence does not support this conclusion when it comes to soy candles. Plant-based candles, such as those made from certified bio-based ingredients, provide a safer and more ecological alternative to traditional candles. They utilize plant extracts and essential oils, creating a warm and inviting ambiance without the negative side effects associated with synthetic fragrances.
Beeswax, soy, and plant-based candles offer a healthier and more environmentally friendly option for creating a cozy atmosphere in your home. By choosing these natural alternatives, you can reduce your exposure to toxic chemicals and potential health risks associated with traditional scented candles.
When selecting natural alternatives, it is important to read labels carefully and opt for candles made with pure, certified ingredients. Additionally, ensuring proper ventilation when burning any type of candle can help minimize the potential risks associated with indoor air pollution.
By making informed choices and opting for natural alternatives like beeswax, soy, or plant-based candles, you can enjoy the pleasures of candles without compromising your health and well-being.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, candles can be endocrine disruptors. Parabens, which are commonly used in candles as preservatives, have been shown to disrupt the endocrine system. Phthalates, which are released into the air when scented candles burn, are also endocrine disruptors.
Endocrine disruptors in candles can have a range of negative health effects. Phthalates, for example, can exacerbate allergic symptoms and asthma, trigger migraines, damage liver function, and disrupt reproductive hormones, resulting in infertility and other hormonal imbalances. Parabens have been found to mimic the hormone estrogen in the body, which can lead to an imbalance of hormones and potentially contribute to the development of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer.
To reduce your exposure to endocrine disruptors in candles, choose candles made from natural materials such as beeswax or soy wax, and scented with essential oils rather than synthetic perfumes. You can also look for candles that are 100% plant-based and made with natural ingredients, or opt for alternative home fragrances like essential oils.
