Brooke Martin
Candles have been used for light, decoration, and ceremonies for generations. However, there is an ongoing debate about whether burning candles is harmful to health. While some claim that candles release potentially toxic chemicals, others argue that candles do not contain enough toxins to pose a significant health threat. This paragraph will explore the potential risks associated with candle burning, focusing on the popular citrunal candles, and provide insights into the measures consumers can take to minimize any potential negative impact on their health.
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What You'll Learn
Are candles toxic?
Candles can be toxic, depending on their composition and how they are used. Burning a candle releases chemicals, and the emissions can degrade indoor air quality and expose people to pollutants that may lead to or exacerbate respiratory issues, such as asthma or allergies, and even longer-term health conditions like heart disease or cancer.
The biggest issues with candles are petroleum-based wax and air pollution. Candles made from paraffin wax, a petroleum by-product, are a concern for those worried about the potential negative health effects of burning such candles. Vegetable-based waxes are becoming more common and are a great substitute for paraffin or gel wax. Soy candles, for example, burn cleaner, producing significantly less soot and fewer airborne toxic chemicals. Beeswax candles are also natural, renewable, and often smell great even without added scents.
The wicks of candles can also be a source of toxicity. Historically, wicks were made of lead and zinc. Although the use of lead in wicks has been significantly reduced, some candles, especially those imported or not complying with safety standards, may still contain toxic metals in their wicks. Therefore, it is important to choose candles with wicks made from pure cotton or wood to reduce the risk of harmful chemicals polluting the air.
Candle dyes can also be a source of toxicity. When candles containing chemical dyes are burned, they release microscopic particles and chemical gases into the air. It is better to opt for non-toxic candle dyes derived from plants, fruits, and vegetables, such as beetroot, spirulina, turmeric, and annatto seeds.
Citronella candles, which are used to repel mosquitoes, can be toxic if not used properly. While citronella oil is generally safe when used on the skin by most adults, it can cause skin allergies in some people, especially young children. If ingested by pets, it can cause severe illness or even death. The smoke from citronella candles can also cause breathing issues in pets.
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What are non-toxic candles made from?
When it comes to non-toxic candles, there are several key ingredients and considerations that ensure a cleaner burn and a safer experience. Firstly, the wax used in these candles is often derived from natural and renewable sources, avoiding the use of harmful chemicals and synthetic additives. One of the most popular natural waxes is soy wax, which is made from hydrogenated soybean oil. Soy wax is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional paraffin wax, which is derived from petroleum and can release carcinogenic soot when burned. In addition to soy wax, other natural waxes used in non-toxic candles include beeswax and coconut wax. Beeswax is a natural byproduct of honey production and has a high melting point, resulting in a longer burn time. Coconut wax is also a renewable resource and is known for its clean, slow, and even burn.
Non-toxic candles also prioritize the use of natural and essential oils for fragrance. This is in contrast to traditional candles that often use synthetic fragrances, which can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when burned. These VOCs can have negative health effects and contribute to indoor air pollution. By using essential oils, non-toxic candles offer a safer and more natural fragrance experience, with the added benefit of the therapeutic properties of the oils. Many non-toxic candles are also infused with natural botanicals, such as dried flowers or herbs, which can enhance the fragrance and provide a visually appealing element to the candle.
The wicks of non-toxic candles are also carefully selected to avoid the use of lead or other heavy metals, which were commonly found in traditional candle wicks. Instead, natural fibers such as cotton or wood are used to create a clean-burning and sustainable wick. Wooden wicks, in particular, have gained popularity for their unique crackling sound and ability to provide a wider flame, creating a cozy and relaxing atmosphere. Some companies even source their wicks from tree cuttings or other forest products, ensuring sustainability and minimal environmental impact.
In addition to the key ingredients, the dye is an important consideration for non-toxic candles. Many traditional candles use artificial dyes and colorants that can release toxins when burned. Non-toxic candles avoid these additives and instead opt for natural colorants derived from plants, spices, or minerals. For example, a candle with a yellow hue might be colored with turmeric, while a pink shade could come from beetroot powder. This natural approach to coloring ensures that the candle remains safe and non-toxic, even when burned for extended periods.
Finally, it's important to note that the term "non-toxic" does not have an official regulatory definition, and there is no universal standard for what constitutes a non-toxic candle. However, reputable candle makers will often provide transparency about their ingredients and manufacturing processes, allowing consumers to make informed choices. Third-party certifications, such as those from eco-friendly or sustainable organizations, can also provide assurance that the candles have been independently assessed for their environmental impact and safety. By choosing candles made from natural waxes, scented with essential oils, featuring natural wicks and dyes, and backed by transparent labeling, consumers can enjoy a safer and more sustainable candle experience.
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Are scented candles more dangerous?
Candles are made from wax and a wick, and are often scented. They have been used for over two millennia, originally as a source of light, but now largely for their aesthetic value and scent.
Scented candles have become increasingly popular, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, but there are some concerns about their potential health risks. The wax and fragrances used in candles are known asthma and allergy irritants, and can cause allergic reactions. The burning of scented candles can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, which may increase the risk of cancer. Other chemicals released include carbon dioxide, acetone, benzene, and toluene. The use of scented candles in inadequately ventilated rooms may increase the chance of developing urothelial cancer.
It is recommended that consumers choose candles made from natural materials, such as beeswax or soy wax, and scented with essential oils, rather than synthetic perfumes. Burning candles in a well-ventilated space can also reduce the potential health risks.
In summary, while scented candles can be enjoyed safely, it is important to be aware of the potential dangers and take steps to minimise any risks.
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Are candle wicks safe?
Candles are ignitable wicks embedded in wax or another flammable substance, and they have been used for over two millennia. While candles are now mostly used for their aesthetic value and scent, they were once a significant form of indoor lighting.
Candle Wicks: A Historical Overview
Candle wicks were once extremely toxic due to the use of lead cores. In 2003, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the sale and manufacture of candles with lead wicks, deeming them unsafe. Most candle companies have since stopped using lead in their candles.
Today, candle wicks are generally considered safe, but they are not completely non-toxic. Non-cored wicks, for example, are typically made from cotton and dipped in wax. However, the type of wax used to coat the wicks is often undisclosed. Some wicks are also primed with wax or vegetable wax, and crimped with a tab.
When choosing candles, it is important to carefully read the packaging and ingredient lists. Third-party certifications, such as MADE SAFE®, can provide independent verification of a candle's safety and non-toxicity.
Different Types of Wicks
There are various types of wicks available, including:
- Wooden wicks: These are a relatively new addition to the candle-making industry. Softwood wicks are superior to hardwood wicks as they produce a unique crackling and popping sound when burned. They are ideal for natural waxes like soy and waxes that can hold fragrance oils.
- ECO series wicks: These are flat, coreless cotton wicks braided with thin paper filaments for improved burn stability and rigidity. They are designed to reduce "afterglow", smoke, and soot.
- CD series wicks: These are flat braided wicks with a special paper filament woven around them, making them a favourite among seasoned candlemakers.
- Cotton braided wicks: These wicks are designed to bend at the tip, forcing the tip into the outermost portion of the flame for more complete combustion and less smoke.
While modern candle wicks are generally safer than their historical counterparts, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with any product. Always purchase candles from reputable sources and prioritize those that disclose all ingredients and have third-party certifications.
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How to choose and burn candles safely
Candles are made from wax or another flammable solid substance, such as tallow, and provide light and sometimes fragrance. They have been used for over two millennia, and although electric lighting has made candles non-essential, they are still used for functional, symbolic, and aesthetic purposes.
Choosing Candles
When choosing candles, opt for those made from natural waxes such as beeswax, soy, or coconut wax. These candles are typically free from harmful chemicals and burn cleaner and longer than paraffin or soy wax candles. You can also choose candles with wicks made from paper or cotton to ensure they are lead-free. Avoid metal-cored wicks as these can release toxins into the air when burned.
Burning Candles Safely
- Always trim the wick to 1/4 inch before lighting to prevent the wick from becoming too long and causing the flame to flare up.
- Remove any debris from the wax pool, such as wick trimmings or matches, to prevent the flame from flaring up or starting a small fire.
- Place burning candles at least three inches apart from each other to prevent them from melting one another or creating drafts that will cause improper burning.
- Never leave a burning candle unattended, and keep them out of the reach of children and pets.
- Do not burn candles near flammable items such as furniture, curtains, bedding, or clothing. Most home candle fires start when something flammable is too close to the candle flame.
- Extinguish the candle when it burns down to 1/2 inch of wax remaining in the container or 2 inches for a pillar candle. This ensures the wick stays vertical and the burn remains under control.
- Use a candle snuffer to extinguish the candle safely. Do not use water as it can cause hot wax to splatter and possibly break the candle container.
- Never use a knife or sharp object to remove wax drippings from a glass holder as it can scratch, weaken, or break the glass.
- Avoid burning candles near fans, open windows, or crowded areas to prevent drafts that can disturb the flame.
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Frequently asked questions
Scented candles are not inherently more dangerous than unscented candles. However, they do release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in quantities that are not considered a health risk. Synthetic fragrances are one of the world's top allergens and can contain dozens of undisclosed chemical ingredients. Lower-quality candles also emit more particulate matter and chemicals. To minimize risk, choose high-quality candles that don't use dye or paraffin.
Yes, there are non-toxic candles made from natural materials such as beeswax, soy wax, and coconut wax. These candles provide a cleaner burn and fewer harmful byproducts. They are also eco-friendly and healthier alternatives to conventional candles.
Yes, here are some safety tips to keep in mind when burning candles:
- Trim the wick to 1/4 inch.
- Use a wick dipper to keep the wax pool clear of debris.
- Burn your candle in a well-ventilated room, away from anything flammable.
- Never burn a candle for more than four hours.
- Never leave a candle unattended and don't burn it if you may fall asleep.
