Tyler Brooks
Candles are beloved by many for their delightful fragrances and ability to create a warm and inviting ambiance. However, some people experience negative side effects such as headaches, migraines, and allergy-like symptoms when burning scented candles. While the exact fragrance components that trigger these reactions are difficult to pinpoint, it is believed that certain synthetic chemicals commonly used in candles, such as phthalates, can be responsible for adverse health effects. Additionally, the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter during candle combustion can irritate the respiratory system, leading to headaches and other symptoms. The type of wax and fragrance used in candles also play a role, with paraffin wax and strong floral or tree scents more likely to cause issues.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Types of candles that cause headaches | Scented candles, paraffin candles |
| Fragrances that cause headaches | Floral, tree, cinnamon, patchouli, gardenia, eucalyptus spearmint, citrus, vanilla, pumpkin, woody, clovey, musky |
| Health risks | Allergy symptoms, asthma, lung problems, DNA damage, cancer, respiratory issues, eye and throat irritation |
| Safer alternatives | Beeswax, soy wax, coconut wax, candles made from natural ingredients, phthalate-free candles, candles scented with essential oils |
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What You'll Learn
Scented candles and headaches
Scented candles can trigger headaches and migraines in some people. While candles are safe, individuals with allergies or asthma may react negatively to candle toxins. Fragrance is a common asthma trigger, and candles can cause symptoms such as headaches, runny noses, watery eyes, and sneezing.
According to the National Institute of Health and the National Library of Medicine, 34.7% of people will suffer from headaches or migraines when exposed to strong fragrances. Added fragrances cause negative reactions in one out of three people, and it is not just the fragrance that can pose a problem. Many candles contain synthetic chemicals, such as phthalates, which are used to enhance the scent and prolong burn time. These chemicals release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, and the inhalation of these VOCs can lead to headaches and other health issues.
The type of wax used in candles can also be a factor in triggering headaches. Paraffin wax, derived from petroleum, is a common ingredient in mass-produced candles due to its low cost and easy availability. However, burning paraffin candles emit toxic chemicals, including benzene, toluene, and formaldehyde, which can trigger adverse health effects, especially in individuals with respiratory sensitivities. These chemicals are known to release harmful VOCs when burned, causing respiratory issues and irritating the eyes and throat.
To minimize the risk of headaches from scented candles, opt for candles made from natural, non-toxic materials such as beeswax, soy wax, or coconut wax. These alternatives burn cleaner and produce fewer harmful emissions. Additionally, choose candles scented with essential oils rather than synthetic fragrances and look for products labeled "phthalate-free" or "made with essential oils." Reading labels and selecting candles made from natural ingredients can significantly reduce the risk of headaches and other health problems.
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Paraffin wax and headaches
While candles are generally safe, they can cause headaches and migraines in some people. Fragrances are a common trigger for migraines and headaches, with about 95% of migraine patients reporting that sensitivity to smell triggers or worsens their condition. This sensitivity is called osmophobia.
Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, coal, or shale oil and contains known carcinogens, including benzene. When paraffin wax burns, it releases harmful chemicals such as toluene and benzene, which are known to cause cancer. Toluene mainly affects the central nervous system in the brain and can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that even mild exposure to toluene can lead to frequent headaches.
However, it is important to note that some studies disagree with these concerns. For example, a 2014 study found that candles do not release enough chemicals to be carcinogenic under normal use.
To avoid potential headaches from candles, opt for unscented candles made from natural beeswax, which has a pleasant scent even without added fragrances. Beeswax candles are a safe choice for gift-giving or when hosting guests, as they minimise the risk of triggering headaches or migraines in those who are sensitive to strong fragrances.
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Synthetic fragrances and headaches
Fragrances and perfumes are made up of several synthetic compounds and chemicals that can cause headaches and migraines in some people. These synthetic compounds, such as phthalates, aldehydes, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can irritate the nervous system and trigger the trigeminal nerve, resulting in headaches. Natural essential oils, while not entirely risk-free, often have fewer synthetic irritants and are better tolerated.
According to the National Institute of Health and the National Library of Medicine, 34.7% of people will experience headaches or migraines when exposed to strong fragrances. Added fragrances cause negative reactions in about one out of three people. People with allergies or asthma are more prone to experiencing headaches from fragrances due to their heightened sensitivity to airborne irritants.
The olfactory system plays a crucial role in our sense of smell. Millions of sensory neurons in our nasal cavity detect odour molecules and send signals directly to our brain. The smell has a direct pathway to the limbic system, which processes emotions and memories. This connection explains the powerful and immediate reactions we sometimes have to different scents.
The concentration of a fragrance also matters. Strong or highly concentrated fragrances can overstimulate the olfactory nerve, leading to headaches, especially in individuals sensitive to strong smells. Single-note scents or simple combinations are generally better tolerated than complex blends. Additionally, the way a fragrance disperses in space is significant. Gentle diffusion methods that don't saturate the air with scent are less likely to cause problems than intense, concentrated applications.
To minimize the risk of fragrance-induced headaches, opt for perfumes with subtle scents labelled "light," "fresh," or "airy." Always test a perfume on your wrist before using it, and use it in moderation. Consider switching to natural or organic perfumes made with essential oils like lavender, chamomile, or peppermint, which are often better tolerated and provide a subtle fragrance.
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Asthma and allergies
Candles can emit harmful substances, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like benzene and toluene, which are dangerous pollutants. These compounds can damage DNA and cause lung problems if inhaled in large quantities. People with asthma and allergies have inflamed airways and are more sensitive to these chemical irritants, which can trigger flare-ups and asthma attacks. Fragrance is a common asthma trigger, and scented candles can cause headaches and migraines in some individuals. About 95% of migraine patients report that sensitivity to smell triggers or worsens their condition.
If you have asthma or allergies, it is advisable to be cautious when selecting candles. Beeswax candles are a good option for those with allergies or asthma due to their non-toxic properties and clean burn, producing minimal soot. When purchasing beeswax candles, ensure they are made from 100% natural beeswax, as some companies mix it with paraffin wax, which emits harmful fumes. Soy wax is another natural alternative that burns cleaner and longer, especially when paired with essential oil fragrances.
Additionally, consider the duration of burn time and the size of the space when burning candles. Extended burning in enclosed spaces can increase the likelihood of problems. If you suspect that candles are triggering your allergies or asthma, stop using them and consult a doctor about your specific concerns.
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Safer alternatives
Candles are generally safe, but some people may be allergic to them. Fragrances are a common trigger for migraines and headaches, and about 95% of migraine patients say that sensitivity to smell triggers or worsens their condition. Added fragrances cause negative reactions in about one out of three people.
If you experience candle-induced headaches, you may want to consider the following safer alternatives:
- Beeswax candles: Beeswax candles are a safe choice as long as they are 100% pure beeswax, without any added perfumes or fragrances. Beeswax is the only candle wax that has a pleasant, delicate scent in its original state.
- Unscented candles: Burning unscented candles made from renewable waxes such as soy, coconut, or plant waxes can create a cozy ambiance without releasing harmful fragrances.
- Reed diffusers: Reed diffusers offer a longer-lasting alternative to scented candles, with a 6-ounce reed diffuser providing fragrance for up to 4 months.
- Electric wax warmers: Electric wax warmers, also known as plate candle warmers, melt scented candles from the bottom up to release the fragrance without a flame. This allows you to enjoy the scent while preserving the wax.
- Essential oils: Diffusing essential oils or creating a room spray with them is an eco-friendly way to enjoy fragrances without the pollution caused by scented candles.
- Stovetop potpourri: Creating a potpourri mix with dried or fresh fruit, spices, and natural elements like lavender or pine cones, and simmering it on your stove is a fun and natural way to make your house smell amazing.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, candles can cause headaches. Scented candles can trigger headaches and migraines in some people. Fragrance is a common asthma trigger, and studies have shown a correlation between indoor air pollution from candle emissions and an increased prevalence of asthma symptoms.
Candles made from natural, non-toxic materials such as beeswax, soy wax, or coconut wax are safer alternatives to paraffin candles. These candles burn cleaner and produce fewer harmful emissions, making them a healthier option.
Synthetic chemicals like phthalates, benzene, toluene, and formaldehyde are common ingredients in candles that can release harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when burned, triggering headaches and other health issues.
If you experience headaches, migraines, congestion, sneezing, watery eyes, or irritation in the eyes and throat after burning candles, this may indicate that you are sensitive to candle toxins.
To reduce the risk of getting a headache from candles, choose candles made from natural ingredients, free from synthetic fragrances and harmful chemicals. Ensure proper ventilation when burning candles, and be mindful of the duration of burn time and the size of the space.
