
With the emergence of the Omicron variant, the CDC has updated its mask guidance, indicating a preference for N95 and KN95 masks. The candle test, popularised by Bill Nye on TikTok, is a simple way to test the efficacy of your mask. If you can blow out a candle while wearing a mask, it means that your mask is ineffective as it doesn't stop the flow of air, and COVID particles can exit your mask. While the test is not foolproof, it is a good way to determine if your mask is clearly inadequate.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness | If you can blow out a candle while wearing a mask, it means that the mask is ineffective as it doesn't stop the flow of air. |
| Air leakage | If you can blow out a candle, air can also leak inward just as easily, potentially expelling COVID particles. |
| Cloth masks | Cloth masks are not as effective as surgical masks. |
| N95 masks | N95 masks prevent the transfer of air and respiratory secretions. |
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What You'll Learn

The candle test is a simple way to check if your mask is ineffective
The candle test is a simple and easy way to check if your mask is ineffective. The test was first highlighted by celebrity host Bill Nye on TikTok. The procedure is simple: put on your mask, light a candle, and try to blow out the flame. If you can blow out the candle, it means your mask is ineffective as it doesn't stop the flow of air. If you can blow air out, air can also leak inward, potentially carrying COVID particles.
While the test is not foolproof, it is a good way to check if your mask is clearly not doing its job. Amy Price, a senior research scientist at Stanford's Anesthesia Informatics and Media Laboratory, notes that the test provides a good rule of thumb. She says that while the test won't tell you exactly how effective your mask is, it will tell you if your mask is a definite fail.
In his TikTok video, Nye tested common mask options like a scarf and a homemade cloth mask. Almost all the masks he tested passed the candle test, except for the loose scarf. This demonstrates the importance of a well-fitting mask. If your mask is loose-fitting, you can improve the fit and seal by wearing a nylon stocking over the top.
There are other simple ways to improve the efficacy of your mask. Price suggests rubbing it with a latex glove for 30 seconds to create an electrical charge as an extra barrier for the virus. Additionally, a TGA-approved mask will be water-resistant, so you can test a non-approved mask at home by placing a drop of water on the outside surface. If the drop is absorbed, that's a fail, but if it forms a bead, the mask is water-resistant.
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Cloth masks are not as effective as surgical masks
The candle test is a simple way to determine whether a mask is effective. If you can blow out a candle while wearing a mask, it means your mask doesn't adequately stop the flow of air, and therefore may not be effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19. While the test is far from foolproof, it can provide a good rule of thumb for determining the efficacy of a mask.
The candle test has been popularised on social media by celebrity science host Bill Nye, who tested various kinds of masks and face coverings by trying to blow out a candle while wearing them. Almost all the masks Nye tested passed the candle test, except for a loose scarf.
Surgical masks, also known as medical masks, are usually made of three or four layers, most commonly polypropylene. They are designed to meet specific standards for filtration and water resistance. Only masks approved by the relevant regulatory bodies, such as the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), can be used in hospitals. While a cloth mask can be tested for water resistance at home using a simple droplet test, it may not provide the same level of protection as a surgical mask.
In conclusion, while the candle test may not be a perfect indicator of a mask's efficacy, it can provide a quick and easy way to determine if a mask is clearly ineffective. Cloth masks, especially those with fewer layers, may not provide the same level of protection as surgical masks, which are designed to meet specific standards for filtration and water resistance. To ensure maximum protection, it is important to consider the number of layers, the type of fabric, and the fit of the mask when choosing a cloth mask.
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The N95 mask passed the candle test
The N95 mask has proven to be one of the most effective masks available, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its ability to pass the candle test showcases its superior protection against respiratory secretion transfer compared to other masks.
The candle test involves attempting to blow out a candle while wearing a mask. If the candle stays lit, it indicates that the mask effectively blocks respiratory droplets, preventing them from escaping through the mask. This simple test provides a basic indication of a mask's effectiveness.
Bill Nye, a well-known science communicator, demonstrated the candle test using an N95 mask, and the candle remained lit. This visual experiment helped viewers understand the N95 mask's superior protection compared to other options.
While the candle test doesn't provide an exact measure of a mask's efficacy, it offers a quick and easy way to identify masks that are clearly ineffective. Amy Price, a senior research scientist at Stanford, affirms that the test is a good rule of thumb for assessing masks.
The N95 mask's ability to pass the candle test highlights its effectiveness in blocking respiratory droplets, making it a reliable choice for personal protective equipment (PPE). However, it's important to note that proper fitting of the N95 mask is crucial to ensure its ongoing effectiveness.
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A loose-fitting mask can be improved with a nylon stocking
The candle test is a simple way to determine whether your mask is effective. If you can blow out a candle while wearing a mask, it means your mask doesn't adequately stop the airflow. This indicates that the mask may not be effective in blocking infectious droplets from entering or exiting the mask.
The candle test was popularised by celebrity science host Bill Nye, who tested various masks by trying to blow out a candle while wearing them. While this test is not foolproof, it can provide a good indication of whether a mask is effective or not.
One way to improve the fit and seal of a loose-fitting mask is to wear a nylon stocking over the top. This can help to close any gaps around the edges of the mask, ensuring that you are not breathing in unfiltered, contaminated air. This simple hack can be especially useful when wearing a cloth mask, which may not always provide a tight seal around the face.
Additionally, it is important to check that your mask has multiple layers, including a water-resistant outer layer. The outer layer should be made of a polyester or cotton-polyester blend, which can provide better protection against droplets. The inner layer can be made of a more comfortable fabric, such as cotton, which will absorb moisture from your breath.
By combining a nylon stocking with the right choice of fabric and layers, you can significantly improve the effectiveness of a loose-fitting mask. This simple hack can help ensure that you are protected and protecting others by reducing the airflow and blocking infectious droplets.
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The test is not foolproof, but it's a good rule of thumb
The candle test is a simple way to determine whether a mask is effective. The test involves putting on a mask and attempting to blow out a candle. If the candle goes out, the mask is ineffective, as it means that respiratory droplets can pass through the mask and infect others.
Other factors that contribute to mask efficacy include the number of layers and the type of fabric. Cloth masks, for example, are less effective than surgical masks, and a mask with a tighter mesh will be more effective. Masks with a water-resistant outer layer are also preferable, as they repel water droplets that may contain the virus.
While the candle test is not a perfect measure of mask efficacy, it is a simple and accessible way to determine whether a mask is clearly ineffective. If a mask fails the candle test, it is likely that it is not providing adequate protection and that a better mask should be used.
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Frequently asked questions
The candle test is a simple way to determine the effectiveness of a face mask. If you can blow out a candle while wearing a face mask, it means your mask doesn't adequately stop the flow of air, and therefore may not protect you from COVID particles.
Put on your mask, light a candle, and try to blow out the flame. If the candle goes out, your mask is not effective.
The candle test is far from foolproof. While it can indicate that a mask is clearly not doing its job, it won't tell you exactly how effective your mask is.
Reports indicate that surgical masks are more effective than cloth masks. Masks with a tighter mesh will make the candle's flame jerk but not extinguish. N95 masks are hospital-grade PPE and are highly effective, as they do not allow air and respiratory secretions to pass through.











































