Ben Carter
Candles have been used for centuries as a source of light and warmth, and for ritualistic purposes. They have played a significant role in religious ceremonies and have been used to create a warm and inviting ambiance. In modern times, candles continue to be a beloved item in many households, with people captivated by their soft flickering light, pleasant scents, and aesthetic appeal. They are often used for relaxation, self-care, and as thoughtful gifts. However, there are some potential health concerns associated with burning candles, particularly regarding indoor air pollution and the release of hydrocarbons and other chemicals into the air. Despite this, the therapeutic benefits of candles are considered by many to outweigh any potential risks.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Basic ingredients | Wax, wick, and oil |
| Types of wax | Paraffin, soy, beeswax, coconut wax, apricot wax, palm wax, gels, synthetic waxes |
| Fragrance oils | Commonly found in scented candles; the amount added to the wax determines the fragrance |
| Health hazards | No known health hazards, but concerns exist about man-made vs. natural fragrances. Phthalates, used to reconstitute fragrance oils, may have negative health effects |
| Burning time | Depends on size, wax type, and number of wicks |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dark, dry place, away from direct sunlight, harsh lights, and areas with temperature changes |
| Safety | Never leave a candle unattended, trim the wick to 1/4 inch, and place on a flat, heat-resistant surface |
| Self-extinguishing | Soy and beeswax candles are more likely to self-extinguish due to their wax properties |
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What You'll Learn
Are candles safe?
There are many articles online that claim to outline the dangers of burning candles, but many of these are not supported by scientific evidence. One common claim is that candles release toxic chemicals, but no peer-reviewed scientific study has ever proven candle wax to be harmful to human health. In fact, all major candle waxes have been shown to burn cleanly, safely, and in the same way. The most common candle wax, paraffin, has been the focus of many of these claims. While burning paraffin wax does release potentially dangerous chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phthalates, it is important to note that VOCs are also released by burning fossil fuels, such as car exhaust and factory pollution. Furthermore, not all VOCs are harmful—many fragrance ingredients in candles are identical to VOCs found in nature. To ensure the safety of fragrances, formulas are reviewed against the safety standards established by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA).
Another common concern is the presence of lead in candle wicks, which could cause lead poisoning. However, candle wicks in the United States do not contain lead. In 2003, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the sale, manufacture, and import of candles with lead-containing wicks. Most candle manufacturers stopped using lead in their candles in the 1970s, and lead-containing candles are no longer produced. Metal-core wicks, which are sometimes used in container candles and votives, are now made with zinc or tin, which have been proven to be safe and non-toxic.
To ensure the safety of your candles, it is recommended that you purchase them from a reputable manufacturer. Members of the National Candle Association (NCA), for example, adhere to ASTM candle standards and have pledged their commitment to quality products and practices. Additionally, it is important to follow proper candle care and usage instructions. This includes trimming the wick if it gets longer than 5 to 10 millimeters, avoiding burning candles in drafty areas, and ventilating your room after extinguishing a candle.
While there are no known health hazards associated with scented candles, it is worth noting that fragrance formulas may contain a maximum amount of fragrance before the candle no longer burns cleanly or properly. Therefore, it is important to purchase candles from reputable manufacturers who follow established safety standards.
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How long do candles last?
The lifespan of a candle depends on several factors, including its ingredients, storage conditions, and usage.
Burn Time
The amount of time a candle can burn after being lit is called the "burn time." This depends on the size of the candle, the type of wax, and the number of wicks. For example, a 12 oz luxury candle from the Harlem Candle Company has an average burn time of approximately 80 hours.
Storage and Lifespan
The lifetime of an unused candle mainly depends on the type of wax and how it is stored. Paraffin and beeswax candles are more stable and can last almost indefinitely when stored properly. On the other hand, organic, vegetable-based waxes like soy and coconut are more prone to breaking down over time, with soy candles best used within a year or two.
To ensure longevity, candles should be stored in a dark, cool, and dry place, away from direct sunlight and areas with high humidity or sudden temperature changes. The colour of a candle may also fade faster when exposed to light, though some candle makers add UV protectants to slow this process.
Expiry and Usage
Candles do not technically expire, but their scent and colour may fade over time, and the wick may become clogged, making it difficult to light. Proper storage can prolong the life of a candle, but it is recommended to use candles within 12 to 16 months of purchase to ensure optimal scent and burn quality.
In summary, the longevity of a candle depends on its ingredients, storage conditions, and usage habits. While some candles can last indefinitely when stored properly, others may start to degrade over time, affecting their performance and scent.
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How to burn a candle correctly?
Burning a candle is easy, but there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure you're burning them correctly and following proper candle care and safety guidelines. Firstly, always trim the wick to 1/4 inch before lighting and remove any debris from the wax pool, such as wick trimmings or matches. This is important because any debris will add more fuel to the candle than intended, which can cause the flame to flare up or even start a small fire. Long or crooked wicks can also cause uneven burning, dripping, flaring, and sooting. Trimming the wick will help your candle burn more slowly and last longer—up to 25% longer.
The first burn of a new candle is the most important. Candles should burn for one hour per inch of diameter. For example, a 4-inch-diameter candle should burn for a minimum of 4 hours to liquefy the entire top layer of wax. If the wax is not allowed to liquefy fully, it will create a "memory ring," and the candle will continue to tunnel and burn unevenly for the rest of its life.
It's also important to note that candles should not burn for longer than four hours at a time and should be allowed to cool for at least two hours before being relit. Burning a candle for too long will cause carbon to build up on the wick, causing it to "mushroom" and become unstable, which can produce a dangerously large flame. Additionally, the candle will start to smoke and release soot. To avoid this, always follow the manufacturer's instructions and burn candles away from fans, air conditioners, open windows, or crowded areas.
Finally, the lifetime of a candle depends on its size, type of wax, and number of wicks. Some candles, like paraffin candles, can last almost indefinitely when stored properly, while others, like soy or coconut wax candles, are best used within a year or two as they are more prone to breaking down over time. To preserve your candles, keep them away from direct sunlight and other harsh lights, and store them somewhere dark, cool, and dry.
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What are candles made of?
Candles are made of wax and a wick. The wick, when lit, melts the wax near it, and this liquid wax is then drawn up into the wick by capillary action. The flame's heat then vaporizes the liquid wax to produce water vapour and carbon dioxide.
The most common type of wax used in candles today is paraffin wax, a byproduct of petroleum refining. However, historically, candles were often made from tallow (animal fat) or beeswax. Beeswax was introduced to Europe in the Middle Ages but was too expensive for most people to use in their homes. Tallow was a cheaper alternative, but it produced an unpleasant smell and thick black smoke when burned. In the 19th century, candles were also made from stearic acid, spermaceti (a waxy substance derived from sperm whales), and various other raw materials, including skin fat, bone fat, fish oil, and industrial greases.
Today, candles can be made from a variety of different waxes, including beeswax, soy wax, palm wax, gels, synthetic waxes, and blends of different waxes. Vegetable-based waxes like soy and coconut are more prone to breaking down over time, so they are best used within a year or two. Paraffin and beeswax candles, on the other hand, can last almost indefinitely when stored correctly. Coconut wax is highly sustainable, non-toxic, hypoallergenic, and burns cleanly, but it is more expensive than soy and paraffin wax. Soy wax is also a popular choice as it is more environmentally friendly and affordable than paraffin wax, and it burns cleaner and longer.
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Where can you buy candles?
Candles can be purchased from a variety of places, both online and in physical stores. If you're looking for a convenient option, online retailers like Amazon, Etsy, or specialty candle websites such as Goose Creek Candle and Candleberry offer a wide selection of candles in different scents, sizes, and price ranges. These websites often provide detailed descriptions of each candle, making it easy to find one that suits your preferences.
Shopping online also allows you to compare prices and read customer reviews to make an informed purchase. Some websites even offer subscription services or exclusive online deals, making it a cost-effective and convenient option. Additionally, social media platforms like Instagram and Facebook have also become popular venues for small businesses and artisans to sell their handmade or specialty candles, providing a unique and personalized shopping experience.
On the other hand, physical stores provide the advantage of being able to smell the candles before purchasing, which is especially important if you're particular about fragrances. Department stores, home goods stores, and specialty gift shops often carry a variety of candles, ranging from well-known brands to smaller, independent candle makers. These stores often offer in-store promotions and sales, allowing you to take advantage of discounts and special offers.
Some popular places to buy candles in-store include lifestyle and home décor retailers such as IKEA, Pottery Barn, and Bed Bath & Beyond. These stores usually have a dedicated section for candles, offering a range of options to choose from. Additionally, supermarkets and drugstores often have a surprising selection of candles, providing convenience and accessibility for those who want to pick up a candle during their regular shopping trips.
Lastly, for those seeking unique or artisanal candles, local boutiques, craft fairs, and farmers' markets can be excellent options. These venues often showcase the work of local artisans and small businesses, offering candles with distinctive fragrances, natural ingredients, or creative designs. Shopping at these locations not only provides you with a one-of-a-kind candle but also supports local businesses and the local economy.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, candles are safe. All major candle waxes burn cleanly and safely in the same manner. The fragrances approved for candle usage do not release toxic chemicals.
The lifetime of a candle depends on the type of wax used and how it's stored. Paraffin and beeswax candles can last almost indefinitely when stored properly, while soy candles are best used within a year or two. Highly fragrant candles have a lifespan of 6 to 12 months, depending on the scent.
Before lighting a candle, trim the wick to 1/4 inch and remove any debris from the wax pool. Avoid burning a candle for longer than four hours and let it cool for at least two hours before relighting.
The basic ingredients of candles are wax, wick, and oil. Common types of wax include paraffin, soy, beeswax, coconut wax, and apricot wax. Fragrance oils are commonly added to scented candles.
