Maddie James
Pillar candles are a popular type of candle that can be used for decoration or to create an aromatic ambiance. They are typically larger and more cylindrical than other candles and stand on their own without a container or holder. Making pillar candles can be a great creative escape, and they can be crafted at home with the right materials and steps. In this article, we will discuss the process of making pillar candles, from selecting the right materials to the step-by-step process of creating your very own candle.
Characteristics and Values Table for Levelling a Pillar Candle
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Wax | Paraffin wax, beeswax, soy wax, or blended waxes |
| Wax Temperature | 150-200°F |
| Mould | Silicone moulds are recommended |
| Mould Cleaner | Paper towel with a small amount of mould cleaner or Pam-type cooking spray |
| Wick | Trimmed to 1/4" or 6mm |
| Double Boiler | Used to melt wax |
| Stirring Stick | Used to mix in additives |
| Dye | Added to wax for colour |
| Scent | Fragrance oils added to wax |
| Relief Holes | Poked in the candle to release air pockets |
| Second Pour | Reheated wax poured to level the candle |
| Curing | Candles sit for a few days to let fragrance oils bond with wax |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right wax
Type of Wax
The most common types of wax for pillar candles are soy, paraffin, and beeswax. Soy wax is a popular choice as it offers a slow, steady burn and is more eco-friendly compared to paraffin wax. However, soy wax may be more challenging to work with due to its temperature sensitivity and tendency to shrink and 'frost'. Paraffin wax, on the other hand, is inexpensive, readily available, and holds fragrances and colours well. It is important to note that paraffin wax is derived from the oil industry, making it less eco-friendly, and it tends to produce more soot. Beeswax is a natural, sweet-smelling option, but it is not vegan as it is produced by bees during the honey-making process. Coconut wax is another option that blends well with soy wax, enhancing the scent and visual appeal.
Hardness of Wax
Harder waxes are generally preferred for pillar candles as they create a more durable candle that is less prone to dents and other imperfections. Harder waxes also tend to burn more evenly and consistently.
Fragrance and Colour
If you plan to add fragrances or colours to your pillar candle, consider a wax that holds scents and colours well. Paraffin wax is known for its excellent fragrance and colour retention. However, soy wax blends, such as a coconut-soy blend, can also hold fragrances effectively while offering a more eco-friendly alternative.
Eco-Friendliness
If sustainability is a priority for you, consider waxes with a lower environmental impact, such as soy wax or beeswax. While soy wax production may raise concerns about deforestation and pesticide use, it is still generally considered more eco-friendly than paraffin wax.
Budget
Your budget may also influence your wax choice. Paraffin wax is typically the most cost-effective option, while beeswax and some specialty wax blends may be more expensive.
Remember, the right wax for your pillar candle will depend on your specific requirements, such as scent preference, colour options, sustainability goals, and budget. By considering these factors, you can choose the most suitable wax for your candle-making project.
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Selecting the right mould
Type of Wax
The type of wax you choose will determine the type of mould you should use. For example, if you're using a hard wax like paraffin, beeswax, palm wax, or soy wax, you'll need a mould that can withstand higher temperatures and hold its shape. On the other hand, if you're using a softer wax, you may need a more flexible mould.
Shape and Size
Pillar candles come in various shapes and sizes, so selecting a mould that reflects your desired outcome is essential. You can find moulds in standard shapes like rounds, squares, and octagons, or opt for designer moulds made of high-quality polycarbonate to create unique and geometric shapes. Consider the diameter of your desired candle when choosing a mould, as this will also impact the wick size.
Material
Moulds are available in different materials such as aluminium, polycarbonate, glass, cardboard, and silicone. Aluminium and polycarbonate moulds are great for creating standard or unique shapes, respectively. Glass moulds are easy to use and heat-resistant, so you don't need to remove the candle from the container before burning it. Silicone moulds offer flexibility but may require additional support during the pouring process due to the heat of the melted wax. Cardboard moulds are a cost-effective option, but ensure you use thick tag board and high-temperature glue to achieve a smooth shape.
Mould Preparation
Properly preparing your mould is crucial for successful candle making. Ensure your mould is clean by wiping it with a paper towel and a mould cleaner or isopropyl alcohol. Preheat your mould to prevent surface chilling and obtain a smooth and clean finish. If using a silicone mould, consider the potential for expansion, and provide additional support to maintain the desired shape.
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Preparing the mould and wick
Choosing the Right Mould
Select a mould that is sturdy and heat-resistant, and made of a soft, flexible material like silicone. This will make it easier to work with and less likely to leave imperfections when removing the candle. Ensure the mould has a centred hole at the bottom for the wick. Choose a mould size that matches your desired candle size; if it's too small, the candle won't fill it completely, and if it's too large, the candle won't stand straight.
Cleaning the Mould
Before using the mould, clean it thoroughly with a small amount of mould cleaner on a paper towel. If you don't have mould cleaner, a cooking spray will work. This step ensures your candle looks its best.
Preparing the Wick
Cut the wick to a length that is about 6 inches (or 15 cm) longer than the height of the mould. Thread the wick through the hole at the bottom of the mould, leaving a few inches of wick hanging out. Secure the wick inside the mould using a wick sticker, hot glue, or candle wick glue dot. Pull the wick taut to ensure it runs evenly through the centre of the mould.
Setting Up for Pouring
Place your mould on a flat, level surface, away from traffic and other kitchen items. Protect your workspace by covering surfaces with newspaper, cardboard, or old towels, as hot wax can be challenging to remove.
Now that your mould and wick are prepared, you're ready to melt your wax and begin pouring!
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Melting the wax and adding dyes/scents
To level a pillar candle, you'll need to melt the wax and add dyes and scents. Here's a step-by-step guide:
Melting the Wax
Firstly, cut up the candle or candles you want to use into small pieces. If you're using raw paraffin wax, you can cut it into blocks. The smaller the pieces, the faster the melting process. Place the wax into a boiler or a double boiler, and melt it down to a liquid. Stir the wax periodically to break up lumps. It will typically start to soften within about five minutes and become completely liquefied in eight to ten minutes. You'll know it's ready when it's thin, transparent, and smooth.
Adding Dyes
When it comes to adding dye to your wax, it's important to use dyes specifically designed for candle-making, such as candle dye blocks or liquid dyes. Avoid using ordinary liquid dyes like food colouring, as the watery dye and oily wax will separate, creating an uneven colour. You can also use crayons, as both the candle and crayon are made of wax, so they will blend well. Add your chosen dye to the melted wax gradually, stirring constantly. Be careful not to add too much dye, as it can alter the burn and smell of your candle. The amount of dye you use will depend on the desired colour intensity and the number of candles you're making. Remember to keep a record of the amount of dye you use so that you can recreate the shade in the future.
Adding Scents
When adding fragrance oils, always use those designed for candle-making. Add your chosen scent at the right temperature to help it bind to the wax and give you a stronger scent throw. The recommended temperature for adding fragrance oil is 180-185°F for soy and paraffin wax and 200-205°F for palm wax. However, be careful not to get the wax too hot, as the volatile compounds in the fragrance oil will burn off before the candle sets. Additionally, adding too much fragrance oil can cause separation from the wax, creating a fire hazard and affecting the scent throw. Always trim your wick to the appropriate length to ensure proper burning and avoid smoke and soot.
By following these steps, you can successfully melt the wax, add dyes, and incorporate scents to create beautifully levelled pillar candles.
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Pouring the wax and removing the candle from the mould
When you're ready to pour your wax, ensure your mould is clean. You can use a small amount of mould cleaner on a paper towel to wipe the inside of the mould thoroughly. If you don't have mould cleaner, a cooking spray will also work.
Next, cut your wick to size. You'll need to cut it longer than you need to allow for easy wicking—about 6 inches longer than the height of your mould should be sufficient. Thread the wick through the hole in the bottom of the mould, leaving a few inches of wick poking out the top. Take the wick and hold it flush to the bottom of the mould, securing it with putty or sticky tack.
Now you're ready to pour your wax. Check the temperature to ensure it hasn't cooled down too much—pillar candles are typically poured between 170-200°F (76.7-93.3°C). Pour slowly to avoid bubble formation. If you're new to making pillar candles, place the sealed mould in a pan for your first pour. Pour about an inch of hot wax into the mould and wait a few seconds to ensure the mould isn't leaking. If there's no leaking, continue pouring slowly until the mould is filled.
After filling the mould, you should have some wax left over in your pouring pot. You'll need this for the second pour, which is done to fill in any cracks or holes that may form as the wax cools and shrinks. As the wax starts to set, make relief holes in the candle by poking a skewer into the wax on either side of the wick. Be careful not to hit the side of the mould.
When you're ready for the second pour, reheat your leftover wax to about 185°F (85°C). Fill in the holes you made during the first pour, stopping when the liquid wax reaches the height of the cooled wax. Don't overfill the mould, as this can cause streaking or other imperfections. Allow the wax to cool completely before unmoulding your candle.
To remove your candle from the mould, gently pull on the wick to release the candle, angling it downward. Don't pull too hard on the wick, or it may come out of the candle. If the candle is stuck, try gently squeezing the sides of the mould or rolling it on a flat surface. You can also place the mould in the fridge for about 5 minutes to help the wax release. Once the candle is out of the mould, trim the wick to 1/4 inch (6mm).
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Frequently asked questions
Cut your wick to a length that is an inch or so longer than the height of the mould. Thread the wick through the hole in the bottom of the mould and secure it with mould sealer or a wick sticker.
Melt your wax in a double boiler or a wax melter to 150-200°F. Add any fragrance oils or dyes, then slowly pour the wax into the mould, leaving about 3/4" of space at the top.
As the wax starts to set, poke relief holes in the candle to release air pockets. Once the wax has formed a "skin", fill in the holes with your remaining wax, making sure to fill only to the level of the first pour.
Remove the mould putty and screw from the bottom of the mould. Gently slide the mould off the candle. If the candle is stuck, try putting it in the fridge for 5 minutes.
