Brooke Martin
Creating a trench candle is a practical and resourceful way to produce light and warmth using minimal materials, often in survival or outdoor scenarios. Originating from World War I, when soldiers repurposed empty tin cans and fat from rations, this method involves melting fat or wax and embedding a wick to create a functional candle. To make one, you’ll need a container (like a tin can or jar), a wick (cotton string or twine), and a combustible material (such as animal fat, wax, or even crayons). The process is straightforward: melt the fat or wax, secure the wick in the center of the container, pour the melted material in, and allow it to cool and solidify. Trench candles are not only a fascinating piece of history but also a valuable skill for anyone interested in self-sufficiency or emergency preparedness.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Materials Needed | Tin can (e.g., food can), candle wick, wax (paraffin or old candles), wick holder or pencil, pot for double boiler, knife or can opener, pliers, optional: fragrance oil, dye |
| Wax Source | Old candles, paraffin wax, or wax scraps |
| Wick Type | Cotton or wooden wick (pre-waxed preferred) |
| Container Preparation | Clean and dry tin can; remove labels and sharp edges |
| Wax Melting Method | Double boiler (pot with water + heat-safe container for wax) |
| Wax Temperature | 185°F to 200°F (85°C to 93°C) for paraffin wax |
| Wick Attachment | Secure wick to can center using wick holder or pencil |
| Optional Additives | Fragrance oil (0.5 oz per pound of wax), dye chips or blocks |
| Pouring Technique | Pour melted wax slowly into can, leaving ¼ inch space at top |
| Cooling Time | 24 hours at room temperature (avoid drafts) |
| Trimming Wick | Trim wick to ¼ inch before first use |
| Burn Time | Varies by can size and wax type (approx. 1 hour per ounce of wax) |
| Safety Precautions | Never leave unattended; keep away from flammables; use heat-resistant gloves |
| Historical Context | Inspired by WWI trench candles made by soldiers using empty cans and salvaged materials |
| Cost | Low (uses recycled materials) |
| Sustainability | Eco-friendly (repurposes old candles and cans) |
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What You'll Learn
- Gather Materials: Wax, wick, container, fragrance, dye, double boiler, thermometer, stirring tool, and mold
- Melt Wax: Use a double boiler to melt wax slowly, maintaining a safe temperature to avoid burning
- Prepare Container: Clean and dry the trench mold, secure the wick at the bottom, and center it properly
- Add Fragrance & Dye: Stir in fragrance oil and dye chips, ensuring even distribution before pouring
- Pour & Cure: Pour wax into the mold, let it cool, and cure for 24-48 hours before use
Gather Materials: Wax, wick, container, fragrance, dye, double boiler, thermometer, stirring tool, and mold
To begin making your trench candle, you'll need to gather all the necessary materials. The primary component is wax, which serves as the base of your candle. Opt for soy wax, paraffin wax, or beeswax, depending on your preference for burn time, scent throw, and environmental impact. Ensure you have enough wax to fill your chosen container, typically measured in weight (e.g., pounds or kilograms). Next, select a wick that’s appropriate for the size and type of wax you’re using. Cotton wicks are a popular choice, but pre-waxed or wooden wicks can add a unique touch. The container is another critical element—it can be a repurposed jar, tin, or even a heat-resistant glass vessel. Ensure it’s clean and dry before use. If you prefer a colored or scented candle, gather fragrance oils and dye chips specifically designed for candle-making to avoid affecting the burn quality.
A double boiler is essential for melting the wax safely, as direct heat can cause it to burn or ignite. If you don’t have one, you can create a makeshift version using a large pot and a heat-safe bowl that fits snugly on top. A thermometer is crucial for monitoring the wax temperature, ensuring it doesn’t overheat and loses its properties. Aim for a candy or wax thermometer that clips onto the side of the boiler for convenience. A stirring tool, such as a silicone spatula or stainless steel spoon, will help you mix in fragrance and dye evenly without leaving residue.
Finally, consider using a mold if you’re creating a trench-style candle with a specific shape or design. Silicone molds are ideal for their flexibility and ease of release. If you’re using a container as your mold, ensure it’s stable and heat-resistant. Double-check that all your materials are ready before starting the process, as candle-making requires precision and attention to detail. With everything gathered, you’ll be well-prepared to move on to the next steps of creating your trench candle.
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Melt Wax: Use a double boiler to melt wax slowly, maintaining a safe temperature to avoid burning
When melting wax to make a trench candle, using a double boiler is a safe and effective method that ensures the wax is heated evenly and gently. A double boiler consists of two pots: a larger one filled with water and a smaller one that sits inside it, holding the wax. This setup prevents the wax from coming into direct contact with the heat source, reducing the risk of overheating or burning. To begin, fill the larger pot with a few inches of water and place it on the stove over medium heat. Allow the water to warm up gradually, creating a gentle heat transfer to the inner pot.
Once the water is simmering, add your chosen wax to the smaller pot and place it inside the larger one. It’s important to use a wax suitable for candle-making, such as soy wax, paraffin wax, or beeswax. Break the wax into smaller pieces to help it melt more evenly and quickly. Stir the wax occasionally with a heat-resistant spatula to ensure it melts uniformly. Keep a close eye on the temperature, as wax should not exceed 185°F (85°C) to avoid burning or degrading its quality. A thermometer can be a useful tool to monitor the heat accurately.
Maintaining a safe temperature is crucial when melting wax, as overheating can cause it to catch fire or release harmful fumes. If you don’t have a double boiler, you can create a makeshift one by placing a heat-safe bowl or smaller pot over a larger pot of simmering water. Ensure the bowl or pot does not touch the bottom of the larger pot, as direct contact with the heat source can still cause the wax to burn. Patience is key during this process, as rushing by increasing the heat can lead to accidents or ruin the wax.
As the wax melts, it will transition from solid chunks to a smooth, liquid consistency. Once fully melted, remove the inner pot or bowl from the double boiler and set it on a heat-resistant surface. Allow the wax to cool slightly before adding any fragrance oils or dyes, as high temperatures can cause these additives to evaporate or separate. Stir in your desired additives gently to ensure they are fully incorporated without introducing air bubbles, which can affect the candle’s appearance and burn quality.
Finally, prepare your trench candle mold or container by placing the wick in the center. Pour the melted wax carefully into the mold, leaving a small amount of space at the top to allow for shrinkage as the wax cools. Ensure the wick remains centered and straight as the wax sets. Allow the candle to cool undisturbed for several hours or overnight to achieve a smooth finish. Once fully solidified, trim the wick to about ¼ inch, and your trench candle is ready for use. This method of melting wax with a double boiler ensures a safe and professional result, perfect for crafting a high-quality trench candle.
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Prepare Container: Clean and dry the trench mold, secure the wick at the bottom, and center it properly
Before you begin pouring wax, proper preparation of your trench mold is crucial for a successful candle. Start by thoroughly cleaning the trench mold. Any dust, debris, or residue can affect the candle's appearance and burn quality. Use warm, soapy water and a soft cloth or sponge to clean the interior and exterior of the mold. Avoid using abrasive materials that could scratch the surface. Rinse the mold well to remove any soap residue, as leftover soap can interfere with the wax adhesion.
Once cleaned, ensure the trench mold is completely dry. Moisture trapped in the mold can cause air bubbles or imperfections in the finished candle. You can air-dry the mold or use a clean, lint-free cloth to gently pat it dry. Pay special attention to the corners and crevices of the trench mold, as these areas can retain moisture. If you're in a hurry, you can use a hairdryer on a low setting to speed up the drying process, but be cautious not to overheat the mold.
With the mold clean and dry, it’s time to secure the wick at the bottom. Place a small amount of melted wax or a wick sticker at the center of the mold's bottom. This acts as an adhesive to hold the wick in place. Take your pre-tabbed wick (a wick with a metal sustaining base) and press it firmly onto the adhesive, ensuring it’s centered. The metal tab should be flush against the bottom of the mold, and the wick should stand straight up. Double-check that the wick is perfectly centered, as this will ensure an even burn once the candle is lit.
To center the wick properly, you can use a few techniques. One method is to place two skewers or pencils across the top of the mold, parallel to each other, and rest the wick on top of them. This keeps the wick upright and centered while you pour the wax. Alternatively, you can use a wick centering device specifically designed for candle making. Ensure the wick remains taut and straight, as any leaning can cause uneven burning or tunneling in the finished candle.
Finally, double-check the setup before proceeding. Confirm that the mold is clean, dry, and free of any debris. Ensure the wick is securely attached to the bottom and perfectly centered. A well-prepared container is the foundation of a high-quality trench candle, so take your time with this step. Once everything is in place, you’re ready to move on to melting and pouring the wax, bringing your trench candle one step closer to completion.
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Add Fragrance & Dye: Stir in fragrance oil and dye chips, ensuring even distribution before pouring
When adding fragrance and dye to your trench candle, it's crucial to time this step correctly. Wait until your wax has cooled to around 180-185°F (82-85°C) before introducing the fragrance oil and dye chips. This temperature range ensures that the fragrance oil doesn't evaporate or burn off, and the dye chips melt evenly without settling at the bottom. Use a reliable thermometer to monitor the wax temperature, as adding these elements too early or too late can affect the final scent throw and color of your candle.
Begin by measuring the appropriate amount of fragrance oil for your wax type and quantity. A general guideline is to use 6-10% fragrance oil by weight of the wax, but always refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Pour the fragrance oil into the melted wax slowly and steadily. Immediately start stirring with a heat-resistant spatula or spoon, ensuring the oil is fully incorporated. Stir for at least 2 minutes to guarantee even distribution, as uneven mixing can result in pockets of strong or weak scent in the finished candle.
Next, add the dye chips to the wax and fragrance mixture. The number of dye chips needed depends on the desired color intensity and the volume of wax. Start with 1-2 chips and adjust as necessary. As the dye chips melt, continue stirring to ensure the color disperses evenly. Be cautious not to over-stir, as this can introduce air bubbles into the wax. If you’re using liquid dye instead of chips, add it drop by drop, stirring thoroughly after each addition to achieve the desired hue.
After adding both the fragrance oil and dye chips, let the mixture sit for a minute while continuing to stir gently. This allows any remaining dye to fully dissolve and ensures the fragrance is evenly distributed. Check the color and scent at this stage; if adjustments are needed, add more dye chips or fragrance oil sparingly, stirring well after each addition. Remember, it’s easier to add more than to correct an overdose, so proceed with caution.
Once you’re satisfied with the color and fragrance, give the mixture a final stir to ensure uniformity. The wax should appear consistent in both color and texture before pouring. If you notice any streaks or clumps, stir a bit longer to resolve them. Properly mixing the fragrance and dye at the correct temperature and with thorough stirring is key to achieving a trench candle that not only looks beautiful but also fills the space with a delightful aroma when lit.
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Pour & Cure: Pour wax into the mold, let it cool, and cure for 24-48 hours before use
Once your wax has reached the desired temperature and you’ve added your fragrance oil (if using), it’s time to carefully pour it into the prepared mold. Ensure your mold is stable and placed on a level surface to avoid spills. Slowly pour the melted wax into the mold, leaving about ½ inch of space at the top. This space is crucial for the wick and any additional wax you might need later for topping off. Pouring slowly helps prevent air bubbles from forming, which can affect the candle’s appearance and burn quality. If bubbles do appear, gently tap the mold on the counter or use a heat gun to warm the surface and release them.
After pouring, allow the wax to cool naturally at room temperature. Avoid moving the mold or placing it in a drafty area, as this can cause uneven cooling and potential cracks. The cooling process typically takes 3–4 hours, depending on the size of the candle and the type of wax used. During this time, the wax will begin to solidify, and you’ll notice it pulling away slightly from the edges of the mold. This is normal and indicates the candle is setting properly. Resist the urge to speed up the process by placing it in the refrigerator, as rapid cooling can lead to uneven surfaces or wet spots on the candle.
Once the wax has cooled and solidified, it’s important to let the candle cure for 24–48 hours before use. Curing allows the fragrance to fully bind with the wax, ensuring a stronger scent throw when the candle is burned. It also helps the wax molecules settle, resulting in a smoother and more even burn. During the curing period, keep the candle in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures. Covering the mold loosely with a cloth or placing it in a box can protect it from dust while still allowing air circulation.
After the curing period, your trench candle is nearly ready. Carefully remove it from the mold by gently pressing on the edges or lightly tapping the mold on a soft surface. If the candle doesn’t release easily, place the mold in the freezer for 10–15 minutes to shrink the wax slightly, making it easier to pop out. Once removed, trim the wick to about ¼ inch and ensure the candle’s surface is smooth. If there are any sinkholes or imperfections, you can melt a small amount of wax and use it to top off the candle, then let it cool and cure again briefly.
Finally, your trench candle is ready to use or gift. Remember that proper pouring and curing are essential steps to ensure a high-quality, long-lasting candle. Taking the time to let the wax cool and cure fully will result in a candle that burns evenly, smells fantastic, and showcases the unique design of the trench mold. Enjoy the process and the beautiful, functional candle you’ve created!
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Frequently asked questions
You’ll need a tin can or metal container, wax (old candles, crayons, or paraffin), a wick (cotton string or twine), a pencil or skewer, and optionally, a pot for melting the wax.
Attach one end of the wick to the bottom of the can using a small piece of adhesive or hot glue. Then, wrap the other end around a pencil or skewer placed across the top of the can to keep it centered.
Yes, you can use old candles, crayons, or paraffin wax. Melt them in a double boiler or a heat-safe container over low heat to avoid burning the wax.
A trench candle can burn for several hours, depending on the size and wax used. Ensure it’s placed on a heat-resistant surface, away from flammable materials, and never leave it unattended while burning.
