Brooke Martin
Candles are a great way to add a cosy, romantic, or even masculine ambiance to a room. Homemade candles cost just a few dollars each, smell and burn just as well as the expensive ones, and make for an excellent and inexpensive DIY gift for your loved ones. The process of making candles can be meditative and thought-provoking, and it isn't too difficult to get started. In this guide, we will cover the steps to prepare your own candles at home, the different types of wax you can use, and the supplies you will need.
How to Prepare Candles
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Wax type | Paraffin, soy, beeswax, or parasoy |
| Container | Jar, tin, or ceramic vessel |
| Wick | Pre-cut and fitted into a metal base or self-prepared |
| Scent | Scented oils or scented wax |
| Colour | Optional |
| Melting method | Wax melter, stove, or double boiler |
| Temperature | Below the boiling point of water (100°C or 212°F) |
| Curing | Paraffin wax does not require curing, but soy wax typically cures for 2 weeks |
| Testing | Burn tests can be done 48 hours after pouring |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right wax
Type of Wax
The most common types of wax used in candle-making include paraffin wax, soy wax, beeswax, and parasoy wax. Paraffin wax is a hard wax typically used for pillar candles, which are freestanding candles that usually require a special mold. It does not require curing and is often used for taper candles, the narrow candles seen in table settings with candle holders. Soy wax, on the other hand, is a popular choice for container candles, especially for those seeking natural alternatives. However, soy wax typically requires curing and can be more challenging to achieve a strong scent throw. Beeswax is another option, but it tends to be more expensive and may not hold scents or colours as effectively. Parasoy wax is a blend of paraffin and soy wax, offering the best of both worlds and is well-liked by experienced candle makers.
Melting Point and Temperature Control
Different types of wax have varying melting points and temperature requirements. Paraffin wax, for example, has a higher melting point compared to soy wax. When melting wax, it's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific type of wax you're using. Soy wax, for instance, should not be heated above 185 degrees Fahrenheit. Using a thermometer to monitor the temperature of your wax is crucial to ensure it is within the recommended range.
Scent and Colour
If you plan to make scented candles, consider the compatibility of the wax with fragrances. Some waxes, like soy wax, may require more fragrance oil to achieve a strong scent throw. Additionally, certain waxes, such as beeswax, may not hold scents or colours as effectively, impacting the overall fragrance and appearance of your candle. If scent is a priority, opt for waxes known for their ability to hold and release fragrance optimally.
Curing Requirements
Some waxes require curing, which is the process of allowing the candle to sit for a period of time before burning to develop the desired scent and burning characteristics. Soy wax typically requires curing for about two weeks, while paraffin wax does not need curing. If you're looking for a quicker turnaround, opt for waxes that don't require extended curing periods.
Container Compatibility
Consider the type of container you'll be using for your candle, as some waxes may perform better in certain containers. Container candles are typically easier to make and offer more options for jars or tins. Pillar candles, on the other hand, often require special molds and are more complicated for beginners. Choose a wax that suits the style of candle you want to create, as some waxes may be better suited for specific container types or free-standing designs.
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Preparing the container
Firstly, choose a suitable container for your candle. Consider the size and type of candle you want to make. Smaller candles require smaller containers, such as 4oz jelly jars, while larger candles can be made in mason jars or other similar-sized containers.
Next, prepare the wick by cutting it to the appropriate length. If you are using a pre-waxed wick, you can attach it to the bottom of the container using a glue dot. Ensure the wick is centred and secured in place with a wick-centering tool or a bow tie wick bar to keep it straight and centred. Place the wick with the base as flat as possible inside the container, trying to keep the wick as straight as possible.
Now, you can begin melting your wax. Create a double boiler by using a wax melting pot or a stove, being careful not to overheat the wax. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific wax you are using. For example, soy wax should not be heated over 185 degrees Fahrenheit.
Once your wax is melted and at the right temperature, you can add your chosen fragrance and pour the wax into your prepared container. Fill it to about 1/4 to 1/2 inch from the top, leaving some space for the wick. Let the candle cool completely before moving it, which may take overnight.
Finally, trim the wick to the desired length, leaving about 1/4 inch visible. Your container candle is now ready!
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Adding fragrance and colour
Once you've chosen the type of candle, it's time to select your fragrance and colour. If you plan on scenting your candles, use scented wax or add fragrance oil. Measure the fragrance oil by weight, not volume, and follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific wax you're using. For example, if using soy wax, do not heat it over 185 degrees Fahrenheit.
When adding colour to your candles, you can use candle dye or colour blocks. Candle dye is available in various forms, including liquid, chip, and block forms. Choose a colour that complements your fragrance and the ambiance you want to create.
The amount of fragrance and colour you use will depend on the size of your candle and your personal preference. A good rule of thumb is to use 6-10% fragrance oil by weight for a strongly scented candle. For colour, start with a small amount and add more until you achieve the desired shade. Always mix your fragrance and colour thoroughly with the wax to ensure even distribution.
It's important to note that some types of wax may be more challenging to scent or colour. For example, beeswax is known to be more expensive and may not hold scent or colour as well as other wax types. Soy wax can also be more challenging to work with, as it often requires curing, and it may be harder to achieve a strong scent throw. However, with the right techniques and patience, you can create beautifully scented and coloured candles using various wax types.
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Melting and pouring the wax
First, prepare your workspace by gathering all the necessary tools and materials. You will need a wax melting pot or a stove, a wax pouring pitcher, a thermometer, and any fragrance or scent you wish to add. If using a stove, a double boiler setup is recommended for melting the wax. Place your wax in the melting pot or pitcher, and heat it gently. If using a stove, set the burner to low heat, aiming for a temperature of around 185°F (85°C). Avoid overheating the wax, as this can affect its properties.
For scented candles, add your chosen fragrance oil once the wax has melted. Measure the fragrance oil by weight, not volume, to ensure accuracy. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific type of wax you are using, as different waxes may have varying melting points and requirements. Stir the mixture gently to ensure the fragrance is evenly distributed throughout the wax.
Next, prepare your container or mould by attaching a wick to the bottom using glue or a metal base. Keep the wick as straight as possible, securing it in place with a wick centering bar or a similar tool. Place the container on a level surface to ensure the wick remains centred and upright.
Now, it's time to pour the melted wax. Carefully pour the hot liquid wax into your prepared container, filling it to about 1/4 to 1/2 inch (0.6 to 1.3 cm) from the top. Take your time during this step to avoid spilling or creating air bubbles. Allow the candle to cool completely before moving it, which may take several hours or even overnight.
Once the wax has hardened, you can trim the wick to the desired length, typically leaving about 1/4 to 1/2 inch (0.6 to 1.3 cm) visible. If you're curing your candle, which is recommended for certain types of wax like soy, wait for the specified curing period before burning it. This allows the fragrance to develop fully, and you can then test your candle to ensure it burns properly and has the desired scent throw.
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Curing and testing the candle
Curing and testing are crucial steps in candle preparation. They ensure your candle meets safety standards and performs well. While some waxes, like paraffin, do not require curing, others, like soy, typically do. The curing process allows the wax to harden and the fragrance oil to bind to it. The time needed for curing varies depending on the wax type and subjective factors like scent throw.
The candle-making community is divided over the ideal curing time, with some advocating for 24 hours, while others suggest longer periods, up to two weeks, for optimal results. During curing, the wax continues to harden, and a longer curing time may require a larger wick to generate enough heat to melt the wax. It is recommended to wait at least 48 hours after pouring before conducting a burn test to evaluate the wick size.
The burn test is a crucial part of the candle-making process, ensuring your candle burns safely and performs well. It involves burning the candle under controlled conditions and observing various factors. Firstly, ensure your candle is on a stable surface, away from flammable materials, and never leave it unattended while lit. Light the candle and start a timer. Observe the candle at regular intervals, making notes on factors such as the flame height, melt pool size and depth, container temperature, scent throw, and any irregularities such as dripping or excessive smoke.
Repeat the burn test until the candle is completely burned, allowing for cooling periods in between. This process helps determine the ideal fragrance load, wick type and size, and wax type. It is important to test each unique combination of wax, wick, container, and fragrance to ensure consistent results. Testing provides peace of mind, knowing your candle is safe and performs as expected.
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Frequently asked questions
Basic candle-making supplies include candle wax, a container, a wax melting pot, a wax cutting tool and cutting board, a thermometer, a scale, glue dots, a wick, a wick stabilizing bar, a whisk, and a measuring cup.
The type of wax you use is up to you. Common types of wax include beeswax, soy wax, and paraffin wax. Beeswax is expensive and doesn't hold scent or colour well. Soy wax is a good option, but it can be difficult to get a strong scent. Paraffin wax is typically used for pillar candles.
Containers can be jars, tins, or ceramic vessels. Mason jars are a popular option, as are smaller jelly jars.
