Jessie Taylor
There are many different types of waxes and ingredients used to make candles, and some are considered safer than others. For example, candles from Bath & Body Works are made with a blend of paraffin wax, soy wax, and palm oil. Paraffin is a petroleum-based product that releases toxic chemicals such as benzene and toluene when burned, which have been linked to health issues including cancer and asthma. Synthetic fragrances are also a common ingredient in candles, and these can be made up of many undisclosed chemicals that may be harmful to health. Safer alternatives to paraffin wax candles include those made with natural ingredients like beeswax, coconut oil, and soy wax.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Main ingredients | Vegetable wax, paraffin wax, soy, palm oil, hydrogenated soybean oil |
| Other ingredients | Synthetic fragrance, BHT, synthetic colorants, essential oils |
| Fragrance | Undisclosed mixture of many ingredients |
| Burning | Releases particulate matter and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) |
| Wick | Does not contain lead |
| Safety | Meets or exceeds industry and government standards for safety and performance |
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What You'll Learn
Paraffin wax, soy wax, and palm oil
Paraffin wax, a key ingredient in Bath & Body Works candles, is a petroleum-based product derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale. It consists of hydrocarbon molecules containing 20–40 carbon atoms and is solid at room temperature, typically melting between 37°C and 68°C. Paraffin wax is odourless, flavourless, and white or bluish-white in colour. Its discovery by German chemist Karl von Reichenbach in 1830 revolutionized candlemaking, as it burned more cleanly and was cheaper than traditional tallow candles. However, burning paraffin wax releases toxic chemicals like benzene and toluene, which have been linked to health issues including cancer and respiratory problems.
Soy wax, another component of Bath & Body Works candles, is a vegetable wax derived from soybean oil. The oil extraction process involves cleaning, cracking, de-hulling, and rolling soybeans into flakes. Hydrogenation, a critical step, converts fatty acids from unsaturated to saturated form, raising the melting point so the wax remains solid at room temperature. Soy wax is a renewable and sustainable alternative to paraffin, offering a cleaner and slower burn.
Palm oil, the third key ingredient in these candles, has faced sustainability concerns due to its contribution to deforestation and environmental issues. Efforts have been made to promote sustainable palm oil production, such as the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) initiative. However, challenges remain in ensuring the sustainability of palm oil sources, and some companies have chosen to discontinue its use until guaranteed sustainability can be achieved.
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Toxic chemicals and carcinogens
Bath and Body Works candles have been criticized for containing toxic chemicals and carcinogens. The main ingredients in these candles are vegetable wax, paraffin wax, and soy. Paraffin wax, a petroleum-based product, releases harmful chemicals when burned, including benzene and toluene, which are known carcinogens. Studies have shown that burning scented candles can emit toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other chemicals, especially if they contain paraffin wax. These toxins are linked to various health issues, including cancer, respiratory problems, and asthma.
The fragrances used in these candles are also a concern. "Fragrance" or "parfum" on a label often indicates the presence of synthetic chemicals that can be harmful. These chemicals have been linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, and cancer. Phthalates, for example, are commonly used in synthetic fragrances to make them last longer.
Additionally, synthetic colorants or dyes in candles may contain residues of carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting byproducts of petroleum. An ingredient called BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), found in some Bath and Body Works candles, is suspected of having a potential hormone-disrupting and carcinogenic impact.
While Bath and Body Works claims that their candles undergo extensive safety testing and meet industry standards, some people still report experiencing chemical scents and negative health effects. The company does disclose fragrance ingredients associated with allergies and sensitization, abiding by EU law. However, it's recommended to opt for candles made with natural ingredients like beeswax, coconut oil, or soy wax, which are considered safer alternatives.
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Fragrance and undisclosed chemicals
Fragrance is a primary ingredient in Bath & Body Works candles, and it is often listed as the fourth ingredient. However, "fragrance" is a vague term that can encompass numerous undisclosed chemicals. Companies are not required to disclose the specific chemicals used in their fragrance blends, which means that consumers are unaware of the potential toxins they are releasing into the air when burning these candles.
The use of the term "fragrance" allows companies to hide the actual chemical makeup of the scent. These undisclosed chemicals can include phthalates, which are often used in synthetic fragrances to enhance their longevity. In addition, synthetic fragrances can contain various other chemicals that may be harmful to health.
The potential dangers of these undisclosed chemicals are significant. Studies have linked synthetic fragrances to endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, and even cancer. The EU Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety has expressed concern regarding the connection between synthetic fragrances and adverse health conditions.
Furthermore, the candles may contain other concerning ingredients, such as BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), which is listed on the Bath & Body Works Candles Safety Sheet and is suspected of having a hormone-disrupting and carcinogenic impact. The candles also contain synthetic colorants, which may contain residues of heavy metals and other harmful byproducts of petroleum.
While Bath & Body Works claims that their candles undergo rigorous safety testing and meet industry standards, independent analyses have identified these concerning ingredients. It is worth noting that some people have also shared their experiences of only smelling chemicals when burning Bath & Body Works candles, indicating that the fragrances may not always mask the presence of these undisclosed chemicals.
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Natural alternatives
Candles from Bath & Body Works have been found to contain toxic ingredients that can be harmful to health. The main concerns are the use of paraffin wax and the addition of fragrance. Paraffin wax is a petroleum-based product that releases toxic chemicals such as toluene and benzene when burned. These toxins are linked to serious health issues, including cancer, respiratory problems, and asthma.
The term "fragrance" on an ingredient list often hides the actual chemical makeup of the fragrance, which can include phthalates and other synthetic chemicals. These chemicals have been linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive issues, and cancer.
To avoid these issues, natural alternatives for candles and their fragrances are available:
Wax Alternatives
Natural wax alternatives to paraffin wax include:
- Beeswax: Beeswax candles are a top choice for non-toxic options. They burn cleaner, have a longer burn time, and purify the air.
- Soy Wax: Soy wax is a natural alternative that burns cleaner and produces fewer harmful byproducts than paraffin wax. It can also hold a higher fragrance load and circulate fragrance better.
- Coconut Wax: Coconut wax is another natural option that burns cleaner and is free from toxins. It is often used in combination with soy wax.
Fragrance Alternatives
To avoid the potential hazards of synthetic fragrances, natural alternatives include:
- Essential Oils: Essential oils are derived from plants and provide a natural fragrance alternative. They can be used to create custom fragrance blends and offer aromatherapy benefits, especially when combined with natural waxes.
- Safe Synthetic Fragrances: While some synthetic fragrances can be harmful, there are safer options available. Look for candles that use "safe synthetic fragrances" or "pure synthetic fragrances" to avoid toxic chemicals.
Wick Alternatives
In addition to wax and fragrance choices, the type of wick used in a candle matters. Choose wicks made from natural materials such as:
- Untreated or unbleached cotton
- Hemp
- Wood
These natural wick alternatives burn cleaner and reduce the release of toxins. Avoid wicks with metal cores, as they can emit harmful chemicals when burned.
Alternative Fragranced Products
If you are looking for an alternative to scented candles altogether, you can try:
- Essential Oil Diffusers: These allow you to create your own fragrance blends and control the fragrance intensity.
- Smart Fragrance Devices: Plug-in devices, such as the PURA Smart Device, enable custom fragrance experiences with interchangeable fragrance vials.
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Safe usage instructions
While candles can be a great way to fill your space with fragrance, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with their usage and take the necessary precautions to ensure your safety. Here are some detailed instructions for the safe usage of bath and body candles:
- Use with caution: Always read the labels and safety instructions provided by the manufacturer. Be aware of the potential risks associated with the ingredients, such as the release of toxic chemicals like benzene and toluene, which can be harmful to your health.
- Ventilate the area: Ensure proper ventilation when burning candles, especially if they contain paraffin wax or synthetic fragrances, as these can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter into the air, similar to car exhaust. Open a window or door to allow fresh air to circulate and reduce the concentration of potential pollutants.
- Limit exposure: Avoid prolonged exposure to candle smoke. Do not burn candles for extended periods, and follow the recommended time intervals specified by the manufacturer. Burning candles for shorter durations can help minimize the buildup of harmful chemicals in the air.
- Maintain a safe distance: Keep candles out of reach of children and pets. Place them on a heat-resistant surface, away from anything that can catch fire, such as curtains, paper, or flammable materials. Ensure there is a safe clearance, typically recommended as a 12-inch distance, between the candle and any surrounding surfaces to prevent accidental fires or damage.
- Trim the wick: Before lighting the candle, trim the wick to a length of about 1/4 inch. This helps control the flame size and reduces the production of soot and smoke, which can contain harmful particles.
- Extinguish properly: Never use water to extinguish a candle. Instead, use a proper candle snuffer or a wick dipper to put out the flame gently. Ensure the candle is completely extinguished before leaving the room or going to sleep.
- Avoid drafts: Keep candles away from drafts, air conditioners, and fans. Drafts can cause uneven burning, leading to excessive smoking or dripping, which can be a fire hazard and impact the overall performance of the candle.
- Maintain the wick and wax pool: Keep the wick centered and trimmed to the recommended length. Remove any debris that may have accumulated in the wax pool to ensure proper burning. A well-maintained candle will burn more efficiently and reduce the risk of accidental fires.
- Choose natural alternatives: Opt for candles made with natural ingredients, such as beeswax, coconut oil, soy wax, or essential oils. These alternatives are often safer and less toxic than candles containing paraffin wax or synthetic fragrances.
- Be mindful of allergies and sensitivities: Some candle fragrances and synthetic ingredients can trigger allergies or cause sensitization. If you have asthma, respiratory issues, or are pregnant, it is especially important to be cautious and select candles with natural, non-toxic ingredients.
By following these safety instructions, you can enjoy your bath and body candles while minimizing potential risks to your health and well-being. Remember to always read the labels, use candles in well-ventilated areas, and practice caution to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.
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Frequently asked questions
Bath and Body Works candles are made from a blend of paraffin wax, soy wax, and palm oil. They also contain synthetic fragrances, BHT, and colorants.
The fragrances used in these candles are made with synthetic chemicals that can be harmful to health. These chemicals have been linked to endocrine disruption, reproductive problems, and even cancer.
Yes, there are non-toxic candle options made with natural ingredients like beeswax, coconut oil, and essential oils.
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