
The candle is a central image in Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem 'First Fig'. Millay's use of the candle as a symbol has been widely discussed in literary analysis, with critics noting how the image reflects the themes of transience and the appreciation of fleeting moments. The candle's dual nature, with its capacity to bring light and warmth, but also to destroy, has made it a powerful symbol in poetry for centuries. In 'First Fig', the candle's flame is described as burning at both ends, suggesting a passionate and intense life, but one that may be short-lived. This interpretation aligns with the poem's broader exploration of Millay's personal life, sexuality, and career.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Symbolism | Life, death, sexuality, freedom, career, passion, intensity, duality, transience, joy, beauty, light, darkness |
| Candle's fate | Soon to be extinguished, burning at both ends, not lasting the night |
| Tone | Tongue-in-cheek, gutsy |
| Structure | Extended metaphor |
| Poet's intention | To convey deep emotions through simple yet powerful imagery |
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What You'll Learn

The candle symbolises the duality of life
In "First Fig", Edna St. Vincent Millay uses the candle as a symbol of the duality of life. The candle is a central metaphor in the poem, and Millay's use of it is interesting given that she lived in a world with electricity. However, this choice of symbolism may have been influenced by Shakespeare, who also used candles as a metaphor in Hamlet, saying "life is a brief candle".
The candle in "First Fig" is burning at both ends, which is an extended metaphor throughout the poem. This reflects a life lived passionately and intensely, but also suggests that such a lifestyle may be unsustainable and fleeting. The candle is soon to be extinguished, but Millay's speaker asks friends and foes to note how bright it shines. This highlights the duality of pleasure and pain, light and dark, and the joy that can be found in life despite the awareness of its temporary nature.
The candle symbolises the vibrancy of life and its inevitable end. It represents the beauty found in fleeting moments and encourages readers to appreciate these moments, even knowing they will not last. This interpretation of the candle as a symbol of life's transience is supported by the fact that candles have a natural end, just like humans. The darkness that follows the extinguishing of a candle is comparable to the darkness after death.
Millay's choice of the candle as a symbol in "First Fig" is a powerful and effective one. The image of a candle burning at both ends is a simple yet striking image that captures the intensity and passion of a life well-lived, even if it is short-lived. The candle symbolises the duality of life, with its light and darkness, its pleasures and pains, and its transient nature.
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It represents the vibrancy and transience of life
The candle in Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem "First Fig" is a powerful symbol that represents the vibrancy and transience of life. Millay uses the candle's imagery to convey the beauty of fleeting moments and the intensity of experiences and passions. The candle burning at both ends suggests a life lived passionately and fully, embracing both light and dark, pleasure and pain.
The candle's light represents joy and beauty, even in the face of challenges and the inevitability of death. Millay acknowledges the transient nature of life, comparing it to the candle's limited burn time. Despite the knowledge that her candle will not "last the night," Millay embraces the lovely light it gives off, reflecting on the value of living intensely and authentically.
The use of the candle as a symbol is particularly striking due to the advent of electricity. Candles, made from natural beeswax, hold a universal significance, as everyone has experience lighting one. Their association with special occasions and their natural end, similar to human mortality, makes them a potent symbol in poetry. Millay's choice to use a candle as a central metaphor aligns with a longstanding poetic tradition, including Shakespeare's reference to life as a "brief candle" in Hamlet.
Millay's poem encourages readers to reflect on the duality of life. The candle's vibrant flame represents the passion and intensity with which one engages with life, while also acknowledging the finite nature of such experiences. The poem captures the balance between embracing the beauty of the present moment and recognizing the inevitability of its passing.
Through the symbol of the candle, Millay invites readers to contemplate the transience of life and the importance of seizing extraordinary moments, even as they pass by. The candle's light serves as a reminder to live fully and authentically, embracing the vibrancy and impermanence of our existence. "First Fig" inspires readers to find joy amidst suffering and to appreciate the fleeting nature of life's precious moments.
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The candle symbolises erotic passions
In "First Fig", Edna St. Vincent Millay uses the candle as a symbol of erotic passions. The candle burning at both ends suggests a passionate and intense life, filled with extraordinary moments and experiences. The candle's inevitable extinguishment reflects the duality of life, where pleasure coexists with pain, and light with darkness.
The poem's opening lines, "My candle burns at both ends; / It will not last the night", foreshadow the candle's brief life. Burning at both ends, the candle's life is shortened, mirroring how intense passions can lead to a shorter duration of brightness. Millay acknowledges this trade-off, embracing a vibrant yet unsustainable lifestyle.
The candle's light represents the beauty found in fleeting moments. Despite the impending darkness, Millay draws attention to the radiance of the candle, asking friends and foes to admire its lovely light. This reflects a celebration of life, encouraging readers to savour moments of joy, even amidst suffering and the awareness of mortality.
The candle burning at both ends can be interpreted as a symbol of erotic passions, suggesting a passionate life filled with intense experiences. Millay's use of the candle as a metaphor adds depth to the poem, inviting readers to reflect on the duality of life and the pursuit of passions, even in the face of transience.
The candle's symbolism in "First Fig" has been widely analysed and interpreted. While the poem is short, its impact is significant, with Millay's use of imagery and symbolism leaving a lasting impression. The candle's light serves as a reminder to embrace life's fleeting moments and find beauty in the balance of opposites.
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It represents the balance of opposites
The candle in Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem "First Fig" has been interpreted as a symbol of the balance of opposites. This interpretation highlights the duality inherent in the nature of life, suggesting that light and darkness, pleasure and pain, or joy and suffering coexist in a delicate equilibrium.
The candle burning at both ends illustrates this balance, suggesting that a life lived passionately and intensely, embracing both positive and negative experiences, is a life well-lived, even if it may be shorter in duration. The candle's light represents the vibrancy and beauty found in fleeting moments, while its inevitable extinguishment reminds us of life's transient nature.
Millay's use of the candle as a central metaphor is significant, as candles have long been associated with life and death. The natural end of a candle's flame, coupled with the darkness that follows, mirrors the human experience of life and the unknown that lies beyond. By using this familiar symbol, Millay invites readers to reflect on the balance of opposites in their own lives.
Furthermore, the candle's dual nature can be interpreted as a representation of Millay's own life, sexuality, and career. The intensity of burning at both ends may reflect her passions, desires, and the challenges she faced. The poem's reference to "foes" and "friends" adds depth to this interpretation, suggesting that Millay was aware of the dual nature of her experiences and the impact they had on her life.
Overall, the candle in "First Fig" serves as a powerful symbol of the balance of opposites, reminding readers that life is filled with contrasting experiences that coexist and shape our journey. Millay's use of this symbol encourages us to embrace the vibrancy and transience of life, finding beauty and joy even in the face of challenges and the inevitability of death.
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The candle is a symbol of sexuality and freedom
The candle in Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem "First Fig" has been interpreted as a symbol of sexuality and freedom. Millay's poem, written in the early 20th century, explores her personal life, sexuality, and career through vivid imagery. The candle, which is the most important symbol in the poem, represents a life lived passionately and intensely.
The opening lines, "My candle burns at both ends;\It will not last the night", set the tone for the poem, suggesting a life filled with intense experiences and passions. The candle burning at both ends is a powerful metaphor for a life that is well-lived but short-lived. It conveys the idea that while one can have extraordinary moments, these moments may be fleeting and not last long. This reflects the duality of life, where pleasure coexists with the inevitability of death.
The candle's light, described as "lovely", represents the joy and beauty that can be found even in the face of challenges and suffering. It symbolises the vibrancy of life and the intensity of experiences, encouraging readers to embrace life fully despite its temporary nature. This interpretation aligns with Millay's reputation for "madcap youth and rebellion", as her poetry inspired the young generation in the 1920s with its frankness and flippancy.
The candle burning at both ends can also be interpreted as a symbol of sexuality. The erotic connotations suggest that one's desires may burn out quickly, but with passion. This interpretation adds another layer to the poem, reflecting Millay's own life and experiences. Millay's work, including "First Fig", continues to be widely taught and appreciated for its rich imagery and exploration of universal themes.
Overall, the candle in "First Fig" serves as a powerful symbol of sexuality and freedom. Through this symbol, Millay invites readers to contemplate the duality of life, the intensity of experiences, and the importance of embracing fleeting moments. The candle's light, despite its imminent extinguishment, represents the beauty and passion that can be found within life's challenges.
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Frequently asked questions
The candle in 'First Fig' by Edna St. Vincent Millay is a symbol of life, death, and the duality between the two.
Burning at both ends implies an intense, passionate, and vibrant life, but one that is short-lived.
'First Fig' encourages readers to appreciate and find beauty in fleeting moments, and to live life to the fullest despite its temporary nature.
The candle also represents sexuality, freedom, and the author's career.
Millay may have chosen a candle as it is a natural, common object that everyone has experience with. Candles are often used to mark special occasions, making them striking and memorable in poetry.











































