Brooke Martin
The Jewish candle thing commonly referred to is the menorah, a significant symbol in Judaism. Specifically, the term often brings to mind the Hanukkah menorah, known as a *hanukkiah*, which holds nine candles—one for each night of the Festival of Lights, plus a central *shamash* (helper candle) used to light the others. The menorah has deep historical and religious roots, representing the miracle of the oil that burned for eight days in the Temple after the Maccabees' victory. Beyond Hanukkah, the seven-branched menorah is a symbol of Judaism itself, appearing in religious texts and traditions. Its design and use vary depending on the context, but it remains a powerful emblem of faith, resilience, and light in Jewish culture.
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What You'll Learn
- Menorah: Eight-branched candelabra, symbolizes Hanukkah, holds nine candles, represents miracle of oil
- Shabbat Candles: Lit by women, usher in Sabbath, two candles, signify peace and holiness
- Hanukkah Candles: One added nightly, placed in menorah, commemorates Temple rededication
- Yahrzeit Candle: Memorial flame, burns 24 hours, honors deceased’s soul, observed on anniversary
- Havdalah Candle: Braided, scented, marks end of Sabbath, used with wine and spices
Menorah: Eight-branched candelabra, symbolizes Hanukkah, holds nine candles, represents miracle of oil
The Menorah is a significant and recognizable symbol in Jewish culture, often the first thing that comes to mind when people ask, "what is that Jewish candle thing called?" Specifically, the Hanukkah Menorah, also known as a Hanukkiah, is an eight-branched candelabra that holds nine candles in total. This unique design is not just aesthetically pleasing but is deeply rooted in the religious and historical traditions of Judaism. The central candle, known as the *shamash* (servant), is used to light the other eight candles, one each night of the eight-day festival of Hanukkah. This lighting ceremony commemorates the miracle of the oil that occurred in the Second Temple in Jerusalem, where a small amount of oil meant to last one day miraculously burned for eight days.
The structure of the Menorah is both symbolic and functional. The eight branches represent the eight days of Hanukkah, while the ninth candle, the *shamash*, serves a practical purpose in lighting the others. Traditionally, the Menorah is placed in a prominent location, such as a windowsill, to publicly proclaim the miracle of Hanukkah. The act of lighting the candles each evening is accompanied by the recitation of specific blessings, further emphasizing the spiritual significance of this ritual. The Menorah’s design has remained consistent over centuries, preserving its historical and religious meaning while becoming a universal symbol of Jewish identity and resilience.
The miracle of the oil, which the Menorah represents, is a central narrative of Hanukkah. After the Maccabees reclaimed the Temple from the Seleucid Empire, they found only enough consecrated olive oil to burn for one day. Miraculously, this oil lasted for eight days, allowing the Maccabees to prepare new oil. This event is celebrated during Hanukkah, and the Menorah serves as a tangible reminder of this divine intervention. Each night, as an additional candle is lit, the growing light symbolizes the increasing miracle and the triumph of faith over adversity.
Creating or selecting a Menorah is often a personal and meaningful act for Jewish families. Menorahs come in various styles, materials, and designs, ranging from traditional silver or gold to modern artistic interpretations. Some are intricately crafted with Jewish motifs like Stars of David or images of the Temple, while others are simple and minimalist. Regardless of design, the essential function remains the same: to hold the nine candles and facilitate the nightly lighting ritual. Families often pass down Menorahs through generations, making them cherished heirlooms that connect the past with the present.
In addition to its religious significance, the Menorah has become a cultural icon, recognized even by those outside the Jewish faith. During Hanukkah, public Menorah lightings are held in cities around the world, bringing communities together in celebration. These events often include music, food, and other festivities, making the Menorah a symbol of unity and joy. Its image is also widely used in holiday decorations, greeting cards, and educational materials, ensuring that the story of Hanukkah and the miracle of the oil continues to be shared and remembered.
Understanding the Menorah—its structure, symbolism, and role in Hanukkah—provides insight into the rich traditions of Judaism. It is more than just a "Jewish candle thing"; it is a powerful emblem of faith, history, and the enduring spirit of the Jewish people. Whether displayed in a home, synagogue, or public square, the Menorah continues to illuminate the world with its message of hope and miracles.
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Shabbat Candles: Lit by women, usher in Sabbath, two candles, signify peace and holiness
In Jewish tradition, the "Jewish candle thing" often referred to is the Shabbat candles, a sacred practice deeply rooted in religious and cultural observance. These candles are lit by women, typically the female head of the household, to usher in the Sabbath, which begins at sunset on Friday evening and concludes at nightfall on Saturday. The act of lighting Shabbat candles is a mitzvah (commandment) specifically entrusted to women, though men are also obligated to ensure the candles are lit. This ritual is a powerful symbol of the woman’s role in sanctifying the home and welcoming the spiritual tranquility of Shabbat.
The Shabbat candles consist of two candles, though some customs dictate lighting additional candles for each child in the family. The number two holds significant meaning, representing the two mentions of Shabbat in the Torah: "Remember the Sabbath day" and "Observe the Sabbath day" (Exodus 20:8, Deuteronomy 5:12). These candles are not merely decorative; they signify peace and holiness, illuminating both the physical space and the spiritual atmosphere of the home. The warm, flickering light of the candles is believed to create a sense of calm and sanctity, setting the tone for the day of rest and reflection.
The process of lighting the candles involves specific rituals and blessings. The candles are typically placed in a candlestick holder and lit 18 minutes before sunset at the latest. The woman lighting the candles covers her eyes while reciting the blessings, focusing her intention on the act of sanctifying the Sabbath. The first blessing acknowledges the commandment to light the candles, while the second blesses the act itself. After uncovering her eyes, she moves her hands in a circular motion over the flames, a gesture believed to draw the light’s spiritual energy toward her.
Shabbat candles are traditionally made of wax and have a cotton wick, ensuring they burn steadily throughout the Sabbath. The use of oil lamps or electric lights is generally not permitted, as the candles symbolize a direct connection to ancient traditions. The flames must burn uninterrupted until after Shabbat ends, serving as a reminder of the divine presence and the cessation of labor during this holy time. This practice fosters a sense of unity among Jewish families and communities worldwide, as the same ritual is performed in homes across the globe.
Beyond their practical and symbolic roles, Shabbat candles hold a deeper spiritual significance. They are a testament to faith and continuity, linking modern Jewish families to their ancestors who observed the same tradition for millennia. The act of lighting the candles is a moment of introspection, gratitude, and connection to God, marking the transition from the mundane to the sacred. As the candles burn, they serve as a visual and emotional reminder of the peace and holiness that Shabbat brings into the world, inviting individuals to pause, reflect, and rejoice in the gift of rest.
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Hanukkah Candles: One added nightly, placed in menorah, commemorates Temple rededication
Hanukkah candles are a central element of the Jewish Festival of Lights, also known as Hanukkah. This eight-day celebration commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem during the second century BCE. The candles are placed in a special candelabra called a menorah, which holds nine branches—one for each night of the festival, plus an additional branch known as the shamash, or helper candle. Each evening, one additional candle is lit, starting with one on the first night and culminating in all eight candles burning brightly on the final evening.
The process of lighting the Hanukkah candles is steeped in tradition and symbolism. The shamash is used to light the other candles, ensuring that the flames are kindled in a specific order. The candles are placed from right to left but lit from left to right, reflecting the progression of the festival. This ritual is often accompanied by the recitation of special blessings, which express gratitude and praise for the miracles associated with the Temple’s rededication. The light of the candles is meant to symbolize the triumph of light over darkness, both literally and metaphorically, and serves as a reminder of the enduring spirit of the Jewish people.
The menorah itself is a powerful symbol of Hanukkah and Jewish identity. While the term "menorah" is often used interchangeably with the Hanukkah menorah, it is important to note that the Hanukkah menorah specifically has nine branches, distinguishing it from the seven-branched menorah used in the Temple. The design of the Hanukkah menorah varies widely, ranging from simple, functional pieces to intricately crafted works of art. Regardless of its form, the menorah is typically placed in a prominent location, such as a windowsill, to publicly display the light of the candles and share the joy of the holiday with the community.
The practice of lighting Hanukkah candles is not only a religious observance but also a family tradition that brings loved ones together. Families often gather each evening to light the candles, sing traditional songs, and share stories of the Maccabees, the Jewish rebels who led the fight against oppression and reclaimed the Temple. Children may receive small gifts or play games with a dreidel, a four-sided spinning top, adding an element of fun to the festivities. Through these activities, the lighting of the candles becomes a cherished ritual that strengthens family bonds and passes down cultural and religious heritage to future generations.
In addition to its historical and religious significance, the lighting of Hanukkah candles holds a universal message of hope and resilience. The story of Hanukkah celebrates the idea that even a small amount of light can dispel great darkness, and the candles serve as a beacon of this enduring truth. Whether observed in a private home or a public space, the glow of the menorah inspires reflection on the values of faith, courage, and perseverance. As families and communities come together to light the candles each night, they not only honor the past but also affirm their commitment to bringing light and goodness into the world.
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Yahrzeit Candle: Memorial flame, burns 24 hours, honors deceased’s soul, observed on anniversary
The Yahrzeit candle is a significant and deeply meaningful tradition in Judaism, serving as a memorial flame to honor the soul of a deceased loved one. This special candle is lit on the anniversary of the person’s passing, according to the Hebrew calendar, and is designed to burn continuously for 24 hours. The word "Yahrzeit" itself is derived from the Yiddish words for "year" (jahr) and "time" (zeit), emphasizing the annual observance of this solemn occasion. The act of lighting the Yahrzeit candle is a way for families to remember and pay respect to their departed relatives, keeping their memory alive within the community.
The Yahrzeit candle is typically made of wax and housed in a glass container to protect the flame and ensure it burns safely for the full 24-hour period. Its design is simple yet purposeful, reflecting the solemnity of the occasion. The flame is believed to symbolize the soul of the deceased, which is thought to be elevated by the mitzvah (commandment) of lighting the candle. This ritual is rooted in the idea that the light of the candle represents the enduring spirit of the departed, offering comfort and connection to those left behind.
Observing the Yahrzeit involves more than just lighting the candle. It is customary to recite the Mourner’s Kaddish, a prayer in Aramaic, during synagogue services on the anniversary day. If the day falls on Shabbat or a Jewish holiday, the candle is lit before the onset of the holy day to avoid violating restrictions on lighting fires. The candle is placed in a prominent location, often near a window, to ensure the flame is visible, symbolizing the public acknowledgment of the individual’s memory.
The Yahrzeit candle also serves as a personal and communal reminder of the cycle of life and death. It encourages reflection on the legacy of the deceased and the values they embodied. Families often use this time to share stories, revisit cherished memories, and reinforce the bonds of love and tradition. The act of lighting the candle is a tangible way to express grief and honor, providing a sense of continuity and spiritual connection across generations.
In addition to its spiritual significance, the Yahrzeit candle is a practical observance that aligns with Jewish customs of mourning. It is one of several rituals, including sitting shiva and saying Kaddish, that help individuals and communities process loss. The 24-hour burn time of the candle mirrors the day-long period of remembrance, creating a dedicated space for reflection and tribute. This tradition underscores the importance of memory in Jewish culture, where honoring ancestors is seen as a sacred duty.
Ultimately, the Yahrzeit candle is more than just a "Jewish candle thing"—it is a powerful symbol of love, respect, and continuity. Its flame bridges the gap between the physical and spiritual worlds, offering solace to the living while honoring the soul of the departed. By observing this tradition, individuals participate in a timeless practice that strengthens family and communal ties, ensuring that the memory of loved ones endures for years to come.
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Havdalah Candle: Braided, scented, marks end of Sabbath, used with wine and spices
The Havdalah candle is a distinctive and symbolic item used in Jewish tradition to mark the conclusion of the Sabbath (Shabbat). Unlike regular candles, the Havdalah candle is often braided, featuring multiple wicks intertwined into a single candle. This design is not merely aesthetic but holds deep spiritual significance, representing the unity of the Jewish people and the multifaceted blessings of the Sabbath's departure. The braiding typically involves two to six wicks, though the most common variation includes three or four, each wick symbolizing different aspects of light, holiness, and transition.
This special candle is also scented, enhancing the sensory experience of the Havdalah ceremony. The fragrance, often derived from spices or essential oils, serves to heighten the ritual's solemnity and joy. Common scents include lavender, rose, or myrrh, which not only add a pleasant aroma but also connect the ceremony to the natural world, reminding participants of God's creation and the beauty of the world beyond the Sabbath.
The Havdalah candle is specifically used to mark the end of the Sabbath, a moment of transition from the sacred time of rest to the mundane activities of the week. The ceremony typically takes place on Saturday evening, after the appearance of three stars in the sky, signaling the Sabbath's conclusion. The lighting of the braided candle is accompanied by a blessing, acknowledging the separation between the holiness of the Sabbath and the everyday world. The unique design and purpose of the Havdalah candle make it a central element of this ritual, symbolizing the light of God and the continuity of Jewish tradition.
During the Havdalah ceremony, the candle is used in conjunction with wine and spices, each playing a distinct role in the ritual. The wine is held in a cup and blessed, symbolizing joy and gratitude, while the spices (often cloves or a special spice box called a *besamim*) are passed around for participants to inhale. The scented candle, wine, and spices together engage the senses of sight, smell, and taste, creating a multisensory experience that deepens the spiritual connection to the ceremony. The interplay of these elements underscores the theme of transition and the acknowledgment of the divine in both the sacred and the ordinary.
In summary, the Havdalah candle—braided, scented, and used with wine and spices—is a profound symbol of the Jewish Sabbath's conclusion. Its design and use in the Havdalah ceremony reflect the richness of Jewish tradition, blending spiritual meaning with sensory engagement. Whether through its braided wicks, fragrant scent, or role in the ritual, the Havdalah candle serves as a powerful reminder of the transition from holiness to the everyday, grounding participants in their faith and community.
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Frequently asked questions
It’s called a menorah, specifically the Hanukkah menorah, which holds nine candles and is used during the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah.
Yes, the Hanukkah menorah is specifically for Hanukkah, while the seven-branched menorah is a symbol of Judaism and has historical significance.
The Hanukkah menorah has nine branches: one for each of the eight nights of Hanukkah, plus a central candle called the shamash (helper candle).
Lighting the menorah commemorates the miracle of the oil that burned for eight days in the Temple after the Maccabees’ victory, symbolizing hope and perseverance.
While designs vary, the menorah must have nine distinct branches and allow each candle to be clearly visible and easily lit. The shamash is usually placed in the center or apart from the others.
