Chloe Adams
Candles are a popular way to create a soothing atmosphere, but many candles contain toxic ingredients that can be harmful to health and the environment. The main toxins in candles are found in the wax, fragrance, and wicks. These include petroleum-based paraffin wax, artificial fragrances, and wicks containing lead or heavy metals. When burned, these candles can release harmful chemicals such as benzene, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can cause respiratory issues, headaches, and other health problems. To avoid these toxins, consumers can choose candles made from natural materials such as beeswax, soy wax, or coconut wax, scented with essential oils, and with cotton or wood wicks.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Toxic ingredients | Hexane, toluene, 2-tert-Butylcyclohexyl acetate, benzene, formaldehyde, naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene, phthalates, parabens, and more |
| Health risks | Cancer, respiratory issues, allergies, endocrine problems, reproductive harm, headaches, shortness of breath, coughing, nausea, liver damage, kidney damage, central nervous system damage, and more |
| Safer alternatives | Beeswax, soy wax, coconut wax, vegetable-based wax, essential oils, natural fragrances |
| Preventative measures | Choose candles made from natural materials, ensure proper ventilation, trim wicks, avoid prolonged burning, opt for cotton or wood wicks |
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What You'll Learn
- Paraffin wax, a petroleum byproduct, releases harmful chemicals like benzene and toluene
- Artificial fragrances can contain hidden toxins like phthalates, which can cause endocrine and reproductive issues
- Candle wicks may contain lead or heavy metals, which are released into the air when burned
- Candles made from natural waxes like beeswax, soy, or coconut are safer and burn cleaner
- Ventilate rooms after burning candles to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals and indoor air pollution
Paraffin wax, a petroleum byproduct, releases harmful chemicals like benzene and toluene
Paraffin wax is a petroleum byproduct commonly used to make candles due to its low production cost and clean burn. However, burning paraffin wax releases harmful chemicals, including benzene and toluene, which have been linked to adverse health effects.
Benzene and toluene are toxic chemicals that can be released into the air when paraffin wax candles are burned or melted. These chemicals are known carcinogens, with benzene linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia. Exposure to benzene can also cause changes to bone marrow cells, as reported by the CDC. Toluene, on the other hand, primarily affects the central nervous system and can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, and insomnia, even at mild exposure levels.
The use of paraffin wax in candles has been associated with indoor air pollution and an increased risk of health issues. Studies have shown that burning paraffin wax candles can release harmful pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can have detrimental effects on human health. These VOCs are not only released when the candle is lit but also before ignition.
To minimize exposure to these toxic chemicals, it is recommended to choose candles made from natural materials such as beeswax or soy wax, which are safer and greener alternatives. Additionally, ensuring proper ventilation during and after burning candles can help reduce the concentration of harmful chemicals in the air.
While the use of paraffin wax in candles may pose health risks, it is important to note that the level of exposure to these toxic chemicals may vary depending on the frequency and duration of candle usage. Nonetheless, opting for natural alternatives and practicing proper ventilation can help create a healthier indoor environment.
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Artificial fragrances can contain hidden toxins like phthalates, which can cause endocrine and reproductive issues
Artificial fragrances in candles can contain hidden toxins like phthalates, which are known to cause endocrine and reproductive issues. Phthalates are a group of chemicals commonly used in the manufacturing of plastics to increase their flexibility and durability. However, they have also made their way into other products, including candles, through the use of fragrance oils.
Phthalates in candles are used as solvents to extend the aromatic strength of the fragrance oil. While some phthalates have been deemed non-toxic in skin products and candles when used at safe levels, certain types of phthalates, such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP), have raised concerns among consumers. Endocrinologists agree about the severity of phthalates, especially for pregnant women and mothers. Exposure to phthalates can lead to endocrine disruption and potential harm to developing children, which is why many candle companies have started offering phthalate-free fragrance options.
The presence of phthalates in candles is often hidden under the vague term "fragrance" on ingredient lists. To avoid potential health risks, it is recommended to choose candles made from natural materials, such as beeswax or soy wax, and scented with pure essential oils rather than synthetic perfumes. Beeswax candles, in particular, are known for burning cleaner and producing fewer toxic gases.
Additionally, it is important to ensure proper ventilation when burning any type of candle to minimise the risk of indoor air pollution. Public health authorities warn that indoor candle burning can expose individuals to dangerous levels of organic pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carcinogens. Venting the space with a fan or opening a window after burning a candle can help reduce the concentration of these harmful substances.
While completely avoiding toxic ingredients in candles can be challenging, consumers can take proactive steps by opting for candles with transparent ingredient lists and certifications from organisations like MADE SAFE®, which ensures products are free from behavioural toxins, carcinogens, and VOCs. By being mindful of the potential risks and taking preventive measures, individuals can enjoy the pleasures of scented candles while minimising their exposure to hidden toxins like phthalates.
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Candle wicks may contain lead or heavy metals, which are released into the air when burned
While candles are beloved for their ability to create a soothing atmosphere, add warmth, and fill a room with fragrance, they may also contain toxic ingredients that can harm your health and the environment. One such ingredient is lead, which can be found in candle wicks and, when burned, is released into the air.
In 2003, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) banned the sale, manufacture, and import of candles with lead wicks due to concerns about lead poisoning, especially in children. Most candle manufacturers stopped using lead in their wicks in the 1970s. However, it is still possible to find candles with metal-core wicks, typically in cheaper candles. These wicks may contain other heavy metals that, when burned, can pose a serious health risk, especially to children and pets. Lead exposure has been linked to developmental issues, learning disabilities, and behavioural problems.
To avoid the potential dangers of lead or heavy metal exposure from candle wicks, opt for candles with 100% cotton or wood wicks, which are safer and burn cleaner. You can also look for candles made with natural waxes like coconut wax, soy wax, or beeswax, which are less likely to contain toxic ingredients.
In addition to lead or heavy metals in wicks, other toxic ingredients in candles include paraffin wax, artificial fragrances, and synthetic dyes. Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale and releases harmful chemicals when burned, including benzene and toluene, which are known carcinogens. Artificial fragrances and synthetic dyes can also contain hidden toxins like phthalates, which can disrupt hormones and cause reproductive harm.
To ensure you are choosing a non-toxic candle, look for those scented with 100% pure essential oils and made with natural, renewable waxes. You can also seek out candles with third-party certifications, such as MADE SAFE®, which has been thoroughly examined by researchers and scientists to ensure they are made without known behavioural toxins, carcinogens, and other harmful substances.
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Candles made from natural waxes like beeswax, soy, or coconut are safer and burn cleaner
Many candles on the market contain toxic ingredients, which are released into the air when burned. Petroleum-based paraffin candles are made from the sludge found at the bottom of barrels of crude oil. This sludge is filled with toxins and undergoes bleaching and treatment with carcinogens such as benzene and toluene. Additional toxic chemicals are added in the form of colours and fragrances. When burned, paraffin candles release seven documented toxins, two of which are carcinogenic. They also leave black soot stains on walls, ceilings, and furniture. The microscopic soot particles are easily inhaled and can cause respiratory irritation.
Coconut wax candles are another eco-friendly option. They are made from coconuts grown on trees, which can survive for up to 80 years, ensuring the wax is sustainable. Coconut wax is not sprayed with pesticides and is completely renewable. Coconut candles produce a cleaner, soot-free burn that does not release harmful toxins or damage surfaces. However, one issue with pure coconut wax candles is their low melting point, which is why they are often blended with soy or beeswax.
Soy candles are also recommended over paraffin candles, as they are made from natural materials. However, it is important to note that soy crops are often treated with pesticides, and these chemicals can end up in the air when soy candles are burned. Additionally, the high demand for soy crops has led to deforestation and the displacement of small farmers.
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Ventilate rooms after burning candles to reduce exposure to harmful chemicals and indoor air pollution
Burning candles, especially scented ones, can release harmful chemicals and cause indoor air pollution. To reduce exposure to these pollutants, it is important to ventilate the room after burning candles.
Candles are often made from paraffin wax, which is derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale. This process results in the presence of toxic chemicals such as benzene and toluene in the wax. When burned, candles release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are linked to various health issues. These include headaches, eye, nose, and throat irritation, nausea, and potential damage to vital organs like the liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. The soot produced by candles can also contaminate ventilation systems and discolour walls and ceilings.
Additionally, synthetic fragrances in candles are a significant source of indoor air pollution. These fragrances often contain phthalates, which are hormone-disrupting chemicals, and other harmful substances like toluene, benzyl acetate, limonene acetone, and phenol. The combination of paraffin wax and synthetic fragrances creates a cocktail of toxins that are released into the air when candles are burned.
To minimise the negative impact of burning candles, proper ventilation is key. Open windows or use fans to circulate fresh air and remove the buildup of harmful chemicals. It is recommended to extinguish candles after one hour of continuous burning and to allow them to cool before relighting. Trimming the wick before each use can also help reduce soot production.
Choosing candles made from natural ingredients, such as beeswax or soy wax, and scented with essential oils instead of synthetic fragrances can further reduce exposure to harmful pollutants. Beeswax candles, in particular, burn cleaner than paraffin wax, releasing negative ions that help remove toxins from the air. Opting for candles with natural wicks made from braided cotton or paper can also reduce the presence of toxic metals like lead.
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Frequently asked questions
Some candles contain toxic ingredients such as hexane, toluene, and 2-tert-Butylcyclohexyl acetate. Many candles are made from paraffin wax, a byproduct of petroleum refining, which releases harmful chemicals when burned, including benzene and toluene, both of which are known carcinogens.
Exposure to these chemicals can cause respiratory issues, headaches, allergies, and contribute to indoor air pollution. They can also lead to more serious health issues such as endocrine problems and reproductive harm.
Yes, there are non-toxic candles made from natural ingredients such as beeswax, soy wax, coconut wax, or plant-based waxes. These candles are safer and greener options that produce less soot and toxic chemicals.
Toxic candles are often made with artificial fragrances and synthetic perfumes. Look for candles scented with 100% pure essential oils or natural fragrances. Check the product label or company website for detailed information about the ingredients.
