Tyler Brooks
Candles are a common household item, often used to create a pleasant ambiance or aroma. However, concerns have been raised about the potential presence of toxic ingredients in candles and their impact on health and the environment. While some claim that candles, particularly those made with natural ingredients like beeswax or soy, are safe, others argue that certain candle ingredients can release harmful chemicals into the air, posing risks to human health and contributing to air pollution. With the candle industry facing scrutiny over the use of potentially toxic substances, consumers are increasingly seeking non-toxic alternatives, but finding truly non-toxic candles can be challenging. This raises important questions about the safety of candle ingredients and the need for transparent disclosure of their potential risks.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Toxic Ingredients in Candles | Paraffin wax, artificial fragrances, benzene, toluene, lead, zinc, tin |
| Health Risks | Allergies, asthma attacks, skin problems, headaches, irritation to eyes/nose/throat, nausea, damage to liver/kidneys/central nervous system |
| Safer Alternatives | Beeswax, soy, vegetable-based waxes (100% soy or coconut), candles scented with 100% pure essential oils |
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What You'll Learn
- Paraffin wax candles can release toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Candles with metal-cored wicks can release heavy metals
- Synthetic fragrances and dyes in scented candles can emit VOCs
- Candles made from beeswax or soy are safer alternatives
- Pure essential oils can be used instead of candles for aromatherapy
Paraffin wax candles can release toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Candles are a great way to create a cosy atmosphere and can even help reduce stress. However, conventional paraffin wax candles, derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale, can release toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air. These VOCs are the same toxic chemicals found in diesel fuel emissions and can cause allergies, asthma attacks, and skin problems.
A 2005 study by the University of South Florida found that paraffin wax candles emit low levels of benzene even when not lit. When burned, they produce soot composed of particulate matter such as PM2.5 and ultrafine particles that can remain suspended in the air for hours. This ultrafine soot is similar in size and composition to diesel exhaust, further highlighting the dangers of paraffin wax candles.
The use of lead in candle wicks has also been a concern. Lead was commonly used in cored candle wicks, especially in imported candles, until it was banned by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission in 2003 due to the risk of lead poisoning, especially in children. While lead is no longer used, zinc and tin are now used as substitutes in metal-core wicks, and these can still release small amounts of lead particles and other heavy metals into the air when burned.
To avoid the potential health risks associated with paraffin wax and metal-core wicks, consumers can opt for candles made from natural materials such as beeswax or soy wax. These alternatives burn cleaner and produce less soot, resulting in improved air quality. Additionally, essential oils or "essential oils only" can be used for fragrance instead of synthetic fragrances, which often contain harmful chemicals.
By being mindful of the ingredients and materials used in candles, consumers can make informed choices to protect their health and well-being while still enjoying the ambiance and aroma of scented candles.
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Candles with metal-cored wicks can release heavy metals
Since the ban, zinc and tin have been used as substitutes for lead in metal-core wicks. While zinc and tin-core wicks release negligible amounts of lead, it is still recommended to avoid or restrict the use of candles with metal-core wicks to limit soot stains and poor air quality in your home.
Metal cores are sometimes added to wicks to provide rigidity to otherwise limp cotton, aiding the manufacturing process. This was a common practice among candle manufacturers before the health risks of airborne lead became widely known. While most candle makers voluntarily discontinued the use of lead-core wicks in the 1970s, some candles with lead-core wicks were still being produced in the USA prior to the 2003 ban.
It is important to note that not all candles produce the same amount of air pollutants. Beeswax candles and soy candles, for example, burn at a significantly lower rate and result in less soot than paraffin candles. To reduce the risk of exposure to heavy metals and other toxic chemicals, it is recommended to opt for candles made with natural, non-toxic ingredients and to ensure proper ventilation when burning candles.
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Synthetic fragrances and dyes in scented candles can emit VOCs
Candles are often made from paraffin, a byproduct of petroleum, coal, or oil shale. Paraffin candles can release toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including known carcinogens. These VOCs are also found in diesel fuel emissions and can cause allergies, asthma attacks, and skin problems.
A 2005 study published by the University of South Florida showed that paraffin wax candles emit low levels of benzene even when they are not lit. In addition to releasing toxic chemicals, burning paraffin wax produces soot composed of particulate matter such as PM2.5 and ultrafine particles that can remain suspended in the air for hours.
A 2015 study by university researchers in South Korea found that scented candles release VOCs both before and after being lit. These VOCs are emitted by synthetic fragrances and dyes, which can cause headaches, eye, nose, or throat irritation, nausea, and damage to the liver, kidneys, or central nervous system.
To avoid exposure to VOCs, look for candles scented with 100% pure essential oils or "essential oils only." Companies that use natural fragrances should disclose all ingredients and avoid ambiguous claims or greenwashing. Beeswax and soy candles are also safer, greener options that fill your home with soothing scents without the toxic gases.
In addition to toxic ingredients, candles with metal-core wicks can release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when burned. Lead was once commonly used in cored candle wicks, but after it was found to present a lead poisoning hazard, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission banned lead-core wicks in 2003. However, wicks with zinc and tin cores can still release small amounts of lead particles.
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Candles made from beeswax or soy are safer alternatives
Candles are often marketed as a way to fill your home with soothing scents and create a calming atmosphere. However, conventional candles, such as those made from paraffin wax, can release toxic chemicals and contribute to indoor air pollution. Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale and is often combined with artificial fragrances and colours to make it more appealing to consumers. The process of refining crude oil to obtain paraffin wax involves the use of carcinogens such as benzene and toluene, which are known to be harmful to human health.
As a result, many people are seeking safer and more environmentally friendly alternatives to paraffin wax candles. Beeswax candles have gained popularity due to their natural and non-toxic properties. They are made from beeswax, which is a byproduct of honey production, and offer several benefits over paraffin wax candles. Beeswax candles have a high melting point, resulting in a brighter and longer-lasting flame. They are known for their clean burn, emitting little to no smoke when properly trimmed and maintained. Additionally, beeswax candles produce negative ions upon burning, which help purify the air and reduce airborne allergens, making them a healthier option for indoor environments. While beeswax candles may come with a higher price tag, their natural sweet fragrance, similar to honey and floral nectar, eliminates the need for artificial scents.
Another alternative to paraffin wax candles is soy candles. Soy candles are made from soybean wax, which is a vegetable-based wax derived from soybeans. Soy candles have gained popularity due to their reputation as a non-toxic option. Compared to paraffin wax candles, soy candles emit less toxic soot, making them slightly better for respiratory health. However, it is important to note that soy crops are often treated with pesticides, and residues from these chemicals may be present in soy candles. Additionally, the high demand for soybean crops has led to concerns about their environmental impact, particularly regarding deforestation and ecosystem strain.
When choosing between beeswax and soy candles, it is essential to consider your priorities regarding sustainability, eco-friendliness, and air purification. While both options offer a safer alternative to paraffin wax candles, beeswax candles stand out for their ability to naturally purify the air and their longer burn time. However, soy candles may be more readily available and affordable, making them a more accessible choice for some consumers. Ultimately, the decision between beeswax and soy candles depends on your specific needs and preferences.
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Pure essential oils can be used instead of candles for aromatherapy
Candles are often made from paraffin wax, a byproduct of the petroleum, coal, or oil shale industry. Burning paraffin wax can release toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, including known carcinogens. VOCs can cause headaches, irritate the eyes, nose, or throat, and even damage the liver, kidneys, or central nervous system.
Aromatherapy candles made of paraffin or gel, both petroleum byproducts, can fill your home with harmful pollution. Instead, you can use pure essential oils to fill your home with soothing scents without the toxic gases.
Essential oils are derived from plants and have been used for hundreds of years. They can be used in diffusers, creating homemade candles, soaps, bath bombs, or blending. There are many essential oils to choose from, including lavender, eucalyptus, lemongrass, sweet orange, peppermint, tea tree, rosemary, and bergamot.
When purchasing essential oils, it is important to ensure that they are pure and organic. Some essential oils can be toxic to animals and children, and they should be stored away from them. It is also important to consult a reliable website, reference book, or qualified aromatherapist when bringing essential oils into your home.
If you are looking for a non-toxic vegetable-based wax candle, 100% soy or 100% coconut wax is a great option. Beeswax candles are also a safer, greener option.
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Frequently asked questions
Not all candles are toxic, but some candles have been found to release toxic chemicals. Candles made from paraffin wax, a petroleum byproduct, are known to release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air, which can cause headaches, irritation to the eyes, nose or throat, nausea, and damage to the liver, kidneys, or central nervous system.
Beeswax candles and candles made from 100% soy or coconut wax are safer alternatives. These candles burn at a lower rate and produce less soot than paraffin wax candles.
Scented candles often use synthetic fragrances and dyes that give off dangerous VOCs even at room temperature. It is best to opt for candles scented with 100% pure essential oils.
Yes, lead was once commonly used in cored candle wicks, especially in candles imported from overseas. However, lead-core wicks have been banned in the US since 2003. All metal-core wicks release trace amounts of heavy metals into the air when burned, so it is best to opt for wicks made from natural fibres such as cotton.
Yes, a 2015 study by university-affiliated researchers in South Korea found that scented candles release VOCs both before and after being lit. Another study published in 2019 in Cancer Prevention Research also suggested that scented candles may increase the risk of bladder cancer.
