Jessie Taylor
Candles are a great way to create a relaxing atmosphere and can be easily made at home. You can make candles with olive oil or wax, and add essential oils or fragrance oils to scent them. Essential oils are natural, concentrated liquids derived from organic plant matter, whereas fragrance oils are manufactured and offer a stronger scent. The number of drops of oil you add depends on the type of oil and its potency. You can use a single oil or mix and match to create a unique fragrance. Candle-making is a great hobby and a perfect homemade gift idea.
How to Pull Oils for Candles
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Wax | Soy wax, beeswax, coconut wax, olive oil |
| Oils | Essential oils, fragrance oils |
| Scent | Lavender, grapefruit, eucalyptus, ginger, marjoram, cinnamon |
| Container | Glass or metal |
| Wick | Natural hemp-based wick, paperclip, bamboo stick |
| Stirring Device | Disposable, wood |
| Temperature | 140 °F (60 °C) |
| Oil Quantity | 80-102 drops, 30-35 drops for every 160g of wax |
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What You'll Learn
Using essential oils vs fragrance oils
When it comes to candle-making, there are two main types of oils used: essential oils and fragrance oils. Both have their own unique characteristics and benefits, but they also have some distinct differences that you should be aware of when deciding which type of oil to use.
Essential oils are natural oils that are extracted directly from plants and other natural sources. They are typically obtained through steam distillation, expression, or extraction. Because they contain the fragrance of the plant from which they are derived, essential oils are commonly used in perfumes, cosmetics, and other scented products. When used in candles, essential oils offer a natural and potentially healthier alternative to fragrance oils. They are often associated with aromatherapy and wellness, bringing benefits to the mind and body. However, essential oils tend to be more expensive and may not always perform as well in candles, as they are not specifically formulated for candle-making. Additionally, some essential oils may be toxic when burned.
On the other hand, fragrance oils are manufactured in a laboratory and are designed specifically for candle-making. They are a blend of essential oils and synthetic aroma chemicals, allowing for a wide range of scents that cannot be achieved with natural plant-derived materials alone. Fragrance oils generally provide a stronger and longer-lasting scent than essential oils, making them a popular choice for candle makers. They are also usually more affordable, especially when purchased in bulk. However, fragrance oils may contain artificial chemicals, and the specific composition can vary between different brands, even if they are meant to have the same scent.
When deciding between essential oils and fragrance oils for candle-making, it is important to consider your priorities. If you prefer natural ingredients and are interested in the potential wellness benefits, essential oils may be the better choice. On the other hand, if you are looking for a strong and long-lasting scent at a more affordable price, fragrance oils might be more suitable. Ultimately, both types of oils can be successfully used in candle-making, and the decision comes down to personal preference and the specific requirements of your candle-making project.
To ensure the best results, it is recommended to purchase oils from a reputable supplier, as cheap, mass-produced oils may not provide the desired quality and performance. Additionally, when working with any type of oil, it is important to work in a well-ventilated area to ensure proper airflow.
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How much oil to use
The amount of oil you use depends on the type of oil and how potent it is. For example, essential oils are more likely to evaporate when exposed to heat, so you may need to add more to achieve the desired scent.
When using essential oils, some sources suggest adding 80-102 drops of oil per candle, while others recommend 30-35 drops for every 160g of wax flakes. If you are using a particularly strong or gentle scent, you may want to add more or less oil. Similarly, if you are using a combination of oils, you should adjust the amount of each oil rather than doubling the total amount.
If you are using fragrance oils, you will generally need to add less oil as these oils are manufactured to deliver a stronger scent. However, it is important to note that essential oils are derived from organic plant matter, while fragrance oils are not always natural.
To ensure that your oil does not burn off or evaporate, it is important to let the wax cool slightly before adding the oil. The ideal temperature for adding essential oils is around 140 °F (60 °C).
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Choosing the right wax
Scent and Fragrance:
The type of wax you choose will impact the candle's fragrance. Paraffin wax, derived from the oil industry, is known for its excellent scent throw and ability to carry strong fragrances, making it ideal for scented candles. Soy wax, while having a good scent carrying capacity, doesn't hold fragrance as well as paraffin wax, resulting in a lighter scent. Beeswax has a subtle honey scent, while coconut wax is known for its natural scent. If you prefer a stronger scent, paraffin or coconut wax may be better options. However, if you want a lighter scent, soy wax could be a suitable choice.
Burn Time:
Different waxes offer varying burn times. Beeswax candles have the longest burn time, making them ideal for crafting freestanding pillar candles. Soy wax, though slower burning than paraffin, offers a steady burn and is a good option for container candles. If burn time is a priority, consider beeswax or coconut wax for longer-lasting candles.
Eco-Friendliness:
The environmental impact of the wax is an important consideration. Paraffin wax, while affordable and versatile, is not eco-friendly due to its derivation from the oil industry. Soy wax is a more sustainable alternative but has concerns about deforestation and pesticides within the soybean industry. Beeswax is natural but not vegan-friendly. Coconut wax and rapeseed wax are also considered eco-friendly options. If sustainability is a priority, opt for beeswax, coconut wax, or rapeseed wax to minimise your environmental impact.
Cost:
The cost of wax varies, with paraffin wax being the most inexpensive option. Soy wax is generally budget-friendly, while beeswax tends to have a higher price point. If you're making a large batch of candles, soy wax may be the most cost-effective option.
Customisation:
Some waxes offer more opportunities for customisation. Blended waxes, for example, allow you to fine-tune the performance of your candles by balancing fragrance and burn quality. Rapeseed wax is also good for blending to achieve the desired consistency. If you want to customise your candles with specific scents, colours, or burn times, consider using blended waxes or rapeseed wax.
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Preparing the wick
Cotton wicks are the easiest to make at home and are the best choice for your candle. To make a cotton wick, you will need undyed cotton twine, scissors, tongs, pliers, wick sustainers, and candle wax.
First, decide how thick and long you want your wick to be. The size of your wick will depend on the size of your candle. For a small candle, one cotton string should be sufficient. For a larger candle, you will need to braid three strings together and tie a knot at one end.
If you are using a single wick, cut the string so it is around 3 inches longer than the height of your candle. For braided wicks, cut three equal pieces to around 4 inches longer than the candle height. You can always cut away the wick later, but you can't add more to it!
Next, melt your wax using your chosen method. You will need enough wax to cover your strings/braid. You can use a double boiler or heat your wax in the microwave. If using a double boiler, fill a saucepan halfway with water and place a smaller pan or heat-safe bowl on top. Place your wax in the bowl and heat over medium heat until the water is simmering. Wear oven mitts or thick gloves when handling melted wax, as it can burn your skin if it drips on you.
Once your wax is melted, carefully soak the twine in the wax for about a minute, coating as much of the twine as possible. You can use tongs to protect your fingers if you fully submerge the twine.
Remove the wick from the wax and hang it to dry. You can use a clothespin, hook, or clip to keep the twine straight as it dries. Place a sheet of aluminum foil or cardboard underneath to catch any wax drips.
If you want to build up a thicker coating of wax on your wick, repeat the dipping and drying process 1-2 more times. This creates a stiffer wick that is easier to insert into the candle.
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Adding colour
Candle Dye:
Candle dye is a synthetic chemical specifically designed for use in candle wax. It is water-soluble and provides excellent colour and functionality. Candle dye comes in various forms, including liquid, powdered, flake, and block. When using candle dye, follow these steps:
- Start by adding a small amount of dye to the melted wax, such as 3-4 drops or 1/4 teaspoon per pound of wax.
- Test the colour by dipping a strip of paper into the wax and allowing it to cool.
- If the colour is too light, add more dye until you achieve the desired shade.
- If the colour is too dark, add more wax to dilute the dye.
- Combine multiple dyes to create new hues.
- Avoid adding too much liquid dye, as it may alter the consistency and burn rate of the candle.
Food Colouring:
Food colouring can be used to colour candle wax, but it is important to use oil-based food colouring rather than water-based, as it is not specifically designed for candles and may affect their burning properties. Food colouring is highly concentrated, so a little goes a long way. When using food colouring:
- Start with a small amount and add more as needed to achieve the desired shade.
- Combine different colours to create new hues.
- Note that liquid and gel food colourants may not adhere well to the wax.
Natural Dyes:
Natural dyes made from herbs, spices, flowers, fruits, and minerals can be used to create beautifully coloured candles. The process is slower than synthetic dyes, but it is a great way to enhance the hands-on aspect of candle-making. When using natural dyes:
- Melt the wax in a double boiler at a temperature no higher than 203°F (95°C).
- Use tea bags to infuse the wax with colour. Dip two or more tea bags into the melted wax and let them rest for 20-30 minutes, moving them occasionally to release more colour.
- Remove from the heat when you are happy with the colour, and allow the wax to cool to the recommended pouring temperature of around 130-140°F (54-60°C).
- You can also use natural powders like mica, but be aware that they may not burn well and can clog the wick.
Crayons:
Crayons are a popular choice for colouring candles because they are easy to find and come in a wide range of colours. However, crayons are not 100% wax and may affect the burning of the candle. When using crayons:
- Use a small amount of crayon, such as 0.5 grams per 8 ounces of wax.
- Be aware that crayons may change the texture and smell of the candle.
- Test the colour by melting a small amount of wax and allowing it to cool.
Powdered Pigments:
Powdered pigments can be effective for colouring candles, but they may not be soluble in wax, which can affect the burning of the candle. When using powdered pigments:
- Dissolve the powder in a small amount of melted stearic acid or blend it with a fragrance oil before adding it to the wax.
- Ensure the wax is at the recommended temperature of 176°F (80°C) for effective dissolution of the powder.
- Stir well to prevent clumps of colour.
- Do not use more than 1 teaspoon of powder per pound of wax.
Remember to perfect the colour before adding any fragrance oils, as reheating the wax may burn off the fragrance. Always follow safety precautions when working with hot wax and dyes, and enjoy the process of creating your uniquely coloured candles!
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Frequently asked questions
Essential oils are natural and derived from organic plant matter, whereas fragrance oils are manufactured and not as natural. Aromatherapy and wellness are associated with essential oils, which bring benefits to the mind and body.
You will need wax, wicks, a pot, a thermometer, weighing scales, a disposable stirring device, and a container for your candle.
First, melt the wax over low-medium heat. Then, add your essential oils to the wax when it is hot, but not so hot that the oils evaporate. Next, anchor the wicks to the bottom of your container using wax. Tape the wicks upright to a horizontal chopstick or pen and place this across the container. Finally, pour the wax into the container and let it harden around the wick for several hours.
This depends on the type of essential oil and how potent it is. As a general rule, use 30-35 drops of oil for every 160g of wax flakes, or about 1/2 ounce (15 mL) of essential oil per 1 pound (454 g) of candle wax flakes. For stronger scents, you may want to use less oil, and for gentler scents, you may want to use more.
